ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING POLY-ARYL-ETHER-KETONE(S)
The invention relates to an additive manufacturing process by extrusion for forming a three-dimensional part in an additive manufacturing machine having a build environment, the process comprising: i) providing a composition comprising at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone (PAEK) having a melt viscosity from about 200 Pa·s to about 1500 Pa·s, according to ASTM D3835-16, measured at a temperature of 320° C. and at a shear rate of 100 s −1 , by capillary rheology using a 1 mm diameter, 15 mm long die; ii) extruding the composition in the build environment at an extrusion temperature equal to 330° C. or less, to form an extruded part section; and, iii) cooling the extruded part section in the build environment. The invention also relates to a filament and its use in said additive manufacturing process and the corresponding object obtainable from said additive manufacturing process.
1 . An additive manufacturing process by extrusion for forming a three-dimensional part in an additive manufacturing machine having a build environment, the process comprising:
i) providing a composition comprising at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone (PAEK) having a melt viscosity from about 200 Pa·s to about 1500 Pa·s, according to ASTM D3835-16, measured at a temperature of 320° C. and at a shear rate of 100 s-1, by capillary rheology using a 1 mm diameter, 15 mm long die;
ii) extruding the composition in the build environment at an extrusion temperature equal to 330° C. or less, to form an extruded part section; and,
iii) cooling the extruded part section in the build environment.
2 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the melt viscosity of the composition is from about 400 to about 1100 Pa·s, as measured at a temperature of 320° C. and at a shear rate at 100s-1 by capillary rheology using a 1 mm diameter, 15 mm long die.
3 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the composition is extruded at a temperature of 325° C. or less.
4 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the melt temperature of the composition is from about 290° C. to about 320° C., as measured according to ISO 11357, section 3.
5 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a crystallization half-time at Tg+55° C., as measured according to ISO 11357, section 7:
from about 1 minute to about 60 minutes;
wherein Tg is the glass transition temperature of the composition, as measured according to ISO 11357, section 2.
6 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing machine does not contain any means for actively heating the build environment.
7 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the build environment during the process does not exceed 85° C.
8 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing machine comprises a print bed placed in the build environment, which is suitable for supporting the three-dimensional part under construction and suitable for adhering to it, wherein the temperature of the print bed being during at least part of the process is:
from about Tg−60° C. to about Tg+5° C.;
wherein Tg is the glass transition temperature of the composition, as measured according to ISO 11357, section 2.
9 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone represents at least 50% to up to 100% by weight of the composition.
10 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone is a random poly-ether-ketone-ketone copolymer which consists essentially of two monomeric units having the formula:
wherein the copolymer has a T:1 ratio from 55:45 to 65:35.
11 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone is a poly[(ether-ether-ketone)-ran-(ether-biphenyl-ether-ketone)] which consists essentially of monomeric units having the formula:
unit(s) of formula: Ph-O-Ph-O-Ph-C(O)— and,
unit(s) of formula: Ph-O-Ph-Ph-O-Ph-C(O)—,
wherein Ph is a phenylene group and —C(O)— is a carbonyl group, wherein each one of the phenylene groups may independently be ortho-, meta- or para-substituted.
12 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 10 , wherein the composition has an inherent viscosity, as measured according to ISO 307 in an aqueous solution of 96% by weight sulfuric acid at 25° C., from about 0.1 to about 0.7 dL/g.
13 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the composition consists essentially of:
the at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone; and,
optionally one or more fillers and/or additives.
14 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the crystallinity of the three-dimensional part obtained at the end of the process does not exceed 5% wt as measured by X-Ray diffraction.
15 . The additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the average coefficient of linear thermal expansion is equal to about 6.10-5 K-1 or less, measured between 20° C. and the glass transition temperature of the composition, according to ISO 11359-2.
16 . Filament comprising a composition comprising at least one poly-aryl-ether-ketone (PAEK), wherein the melt viscosity of the composition is from about 200 Pa·s to about 1500 Pa·s, according to ASTM D3835-16, measured at a temperature of 320° C. and at a shear rate of 100 s-1, by capillary rheology using a 1 mm diameter, 15 mm long die.
17 . Use of a filament according to claim 16 in an additive manufacturing process by extrusion for forming a three-dimensional part, wherein the extrusion temperature is equal to 330° C. or less.
18 . An object obtainable by the additive manufacturing process of claim 1 .