Use of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene for cooling a battery having an oxide-type positive electrode
The use of a refrigerant including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene for the cooling of a battery of an electric vehicle including at least one electrochemical cell including a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode including at least one oxide of formula LiNixMnyCozO2 with x+y+z=1, x>y and x>z, or LiNix′Coy′Alz′ with x′+y′+z′=1, x′>y′ and x′>z′, as electrochemically active material.
1 . A use of a refrigerant comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene for the cooling of a battery of an electric vehicle comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising at least one oxide of formula LiNixMnyCozO2 with x+y+z=1, x>y and x>z, or LiNix′Coy′Alz′ with x′+y′+z′=1, x′>y′ and x′>z′, as electrochemically active material,
wherein the refrigerant comprises 60% by weight to 78.5% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 21.5% by weight to 40% by weight of difluoromethane, and
wherein the refrigerant circulates in a vapor compression circuit such that a heat-transfer process of the refrigerant is carried out cyclically and comprises:
evaporation of the refrigerant in an evaporator;
compression of the refrigerant in a compressor;
condensation of the refrigerant in a condenser; and
expansion of the refrigerant in an expansion module,
wherein the refrigerant is superheated between the evaporator and the compressor, and the superheating is from 1 to 25° C.
2 . The use as claimed in claim 1 , in which the battery is maintained at a temperature of between a minimum temperature t1 and a maximum temperature t2.
3 . The use as claimed in claim 2 , in which the minimum temperature t1 is greater than or equal to 10° C. and the maximum temperature t2 is less than or equal to 40° C.
4 . The use as claimed in claim 1 , in which the vapor compression circuit is also suitable for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle and/or for air conditioning the passenger compartment of the vehicle and/or for heating the battery of the vehicle.
5 . The use as claimed in claim 1 , in which the refrigerant comprises approximately 78.5% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and approximately 21.5% by weight of difluoromethane.
6 . A process for conditioning the battery of an electric vehicle, said battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising at least one oxide of formula LiNixMnyCozO2 with x+y+z=1, x>y and x>z, or LiNix′Coy′Alz′ with x′+y′+z′=1, x′>y′ and x′>z′, as electrochemically active material, wherein the refrigerant comprises 60% by weight to 78.5% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 21.5% by weight to 40% by weight of difluoromethane, the process comprising:
circulating the refrigerant in a vapor compression circuit such that a heat-transfer process of the refrigerant is carried out cyclically and comprises:
evaporation of the refrigerant in an evaporator;
compression of the refrigerant in a compressor;
condensation of the refrigerant in a condenser; and
expansion of the refrigerant in an expansion module, and
cooling of the battery with a refrigerant comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene,
wherein the refrigerant is superheated between the evaporator and the compressor, and the superheating is from 1 to 25° C.
7 . The process as claimed in claim 6 , comprising:
maintaining the battery of the vehicle at a temperature of between a minimum temperature t1 and a maximum temperature t2.
8 . The process as claimed in claim 7 , in which the minimum temperature t1 is greater than or equal to 10° C. and the maximum temperature t2 is less than or equal to 40° C.
9 . The process as claimed in claim 6 , in which maintaining the battery of the vehicle at a temperature of between t1 and t2 is carried out alternately by cooling the battery with the refrigerant and by heating the battery.
10 . The process as claimed in claim 9 , in which the heating of the battery is carried out by the refrigerant; and/or in which the heating of the battery is carried out by an electrical resistance.
11 . The process as claimed in claim 6 , in which the refrigerant comprises approximately 78.5% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and approximately 21.5% by weight of difluoromethane.