CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION OF CANNABINOIDS IN A TUBULAR FLOW REACTOR
Disclosed herein is a method for producing crystalline cannabinoid particles in continuous mode. The method comprises preparing a cannabinoid-rich solution that comprises a first cannabinoid, and inducing the cannabinoid-rich solution to a supersaturated state in which the first cannabinoid has a supersaturated concentration that is greater than a corresponding saturation concentration of the first cannabinoid. The method further comprises flowing the cannabinoid-rich solution through a tubular reactor in a continuous manner under turbulent flow conditions to form a plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and a cannabinoid-depleted solution within the tubular reactor, and separating crystalline cannabinoid particles from the plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and the cannabinoid-depleted solution. The turbulent flow conditions are defined by a Reynold number that is greater than a critical Reynolds number for the cannabinoid-rich solution and the tubular reactor.
1 . A method for producing crystalline cannabinoid particles in continuous mode, the method comprising:
preparing a cannabinoid-rich solution that comprises a first cannabinoid;
inducing the cannabinoid-rich solution to a supersaturated state in which the first cannabinoid has a supersaturated concentration that is at greater than a corresponding saturation concentration of the first cannabinoid;
flowing the cannabinoid-rich solution through a tubular reactor in a continuous manner under turbulent flow conditions to form a plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and a cannabinoid-depleted solution within the tubular reactor and to provide a net flow rate through the tubular reactor; and
separating crystalline cannabinoid particles from the plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles, the cannabinoid-depleted solution, or a combination thereof,
wherein the turbulent flow conditions are defined by a Reynold number that is greater than a critical Reynolds number for the cannabinoid-rich solution and the tubular reactor.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the critical Reynolds number greater than 2,300.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the critical Reynolds number greater than 2,900.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the critical Reynolds number greater than 3,900.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the Reynolds number is about 6,000.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the net flow rate is between about 10 mL/min and about 100 mL/min.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising superimposing an oscillating flow rate on the net flow rate by oscillating a piston that is in fluid communication with the tubular reactor.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the tubular reactor comprises a baffle that is shaped, oriented, or positioned to partially obstruct flow through the tubular reactor.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the baffle is one of a plurality of baffles.
10 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising oscillating the baffle within the tubular reactor to superimpose an oscillating flow rate on top of the net flow rate.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the cannabinoid-rich solution, the cannabinoid-depleted solution, or a combination thereof within the tubular reactor.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cannabinoid is THC (Δ9-THC), THCA, Δ8-THC, trans-Δ10-THC, cis-Δ10-THC, THCV, THCVA, Δ8-THCV, Δ9-THCV, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, CBGVA, CBN, CBNA, CBNV, CBNVA, CBND, CBNDA, CBNDV, CBNDVA, CBE, CBEA, CBEV, CBEVA CBL, CBLA, CBLV, CBLVA, CBT, CBTA, or cannabicitran.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution comprises a cannabinoid extract, a cannabinoid resin, a cannabinoid distillate, a cannabinoid isolate, or a combination thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution comprises THC (Δ9-THC), THCA, Δ8-THC, trans-Δ10-THC, cis-Δ10-THC, THCV, THCVA, Δ8-THCV, Δ9-THCV, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBC, CBCA, CBCV, CBCVA, CBG, CBGA, CBGV, CBGVA, CBN, CBNA, CBNV, CBNVA, CBND, CBNDA, CBNDV, CBNDVA, CBE, CBEA, CBEV, CBEVA CBL, CBLA, CBLV, CBLVA, CBT, CBTA, cannabicitran, or a combination thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution comprises a solvent, and wherein the solvent comprises pentane, hexane, heptane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, water, acetic acid, anisole, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, butane, butyl acetate, ethyl formate, formic acid, isobutyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, methylethyl ketone, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1-propanol, propane, propyl acetate, trimethylamine, or a combination thereof.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution has a viscosity of between about 0.05 cP and about 250 cP at an inlet to the tubular reactor.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution has a fluid density of between about 0.2 g/mL and about 1,700 g/mL at an inlet to the tubular reactor.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution has a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 50° C. at an inlet to the tubular reactor.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducing of the cannabinoid-rich solution to the supersaturated state precedes the flowing of the cannabinoid-rich solution through the tubular reactor.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducing of the cannabinoid-rich solution to the supersaturated state is concurrent the flowing of the cannabinoid-rich solution through the tubular reactor.
21 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabinoid-rich solution further comprises and excipient.
22 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising dispersing a plurality of seed crystals into the cannabinoid-rich solution concurrent with the flowing of the cannabinoid-rich solution through the tubular reactor.