Variable-focus virtual image devices based on polarization conversion
Example display devices include a waveguide configured to propagate visible light under total internal reflection in a direction parallel to a major surface of the waveguide. The waveguide has formed thereon an outcoupling element configured to outcouple a portion of the visible light in a direction normal to the major surface of the waveguide. The example display devices additionally include a polarization-selective notch reflector disposed on a first side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having a first polarization while transmitting the portion of the visible light having a second polarization. The example display devices further include a polarization-independent notch reflector disposed on a second side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having the first polarization and the second polarization, where the polarization-independent notch reflector is configured to convert a polarization of visible light reflecting therefrom.
1. A dynamically focused display system comprising:
a display configured to output circularly polarized light in a first circular polarization state, the display disposed along an optical axis and having a forward side and a rearward side, the rearward side closer to the eye of the user than the forward side, the optical display configured to output light having a wavelength range toward the rearward side;
a first switchable optical element along the optical axis, the first switchable optical element configured to, when activated, change the circular polarization state of light transmitted through the first switchable optical element from the first circular polarization state to a second, different, circular polarization state;
a first cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) lens disposed forward of the first switchable optical element along the optical axis;
a second switchable optical element disposed forward of the first CLC lens along the optical axis, the second switchable optical element configured to, when activated, change the circular polarization state of light transmitted through the second switchable optical element from the second circular polarization state to the first circular polarization state;
a second CLC lens disposed forward of the second switchable optical element along the optical axis; and
a controller configured to electronically switch the states of the first and the second switchable optical elements to dynamically select either the first CLC lens or the second CLC lens.
2. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , wherein:
in response to selection of the first CLC lens, the first switchable optical element is switched to permit transmission of light having the first polarization state; and
in response to selection of the second CLC lens, the first switchable optical element is switched to change polarization of light from the first circular polarization state to the second circular polarization state and the second switchable optical element is switched to change polarization of light from the second circular polarization state to the first circular polarization state.
3. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second switchable optical elements comprise half-wave plates.
4. A wearable augmented reality display system comprising the dynamically focused display system of claim 1 .
5. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third switchable optical element disposed forward of the second CLC lens along the optical axis, the third switchable optical element configured to, when activated, change the circular polarization state of light transmitted through the third switchable optical element from the second circular polarization state to the first circular polarization state;
a third CLC lens disposed forward of the third switchable optical element along the optical axis; and
wherein the controller is configured to electronically switch the states of the first, the second and the third switchable optical elements to dynamically select either the first CLC lens, the second CLC lens or the third CLC lens.
6. The dynamically focused display system of claim 5 , wherein the first, the second and the third switchable optical elements and the first, the second and the third CLC lenses are in a stacked configuration such the first, the second and the third CLC lenses alternate with the first, the second and the third switchable optical elements.
7. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to electronically switch the states of the first and the second switchable optical elements to dynamically select either the first CLC lens or the second CLC lens to provide dynamic switching between different focal distances.
8. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first, the second and the third CLC lenses are multi-layer diffraction lenses each having a plurality of lenses.
9. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , wherein, when the first switchable optical element is deactivated, light is reflected during operation by the first CLC lens and an image focus is determined by the first CLC lens.
10. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , wherein, when both of the first and the second switchable optical elements are activated, light is not reflected during operation by the first CLC lens and instead is reflected by the second CLC lens and an image focus is determined by the second CLC lens.
11. The dynamically focused display system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a waveguide configured to propagate visible light under total internal reflection in a direction parallel to a major surface of the waveguide; and
an outcoupling element formed on the waveguide and configured to outcouple a portion of the visible light in a direction normal to the major surface of the waveguide, and
wherein, during operation, light from the waveguide projects away from the user toward the first and the second CLC lenses.