Systems and methods for monitoring and providing alerts for takeoff runway intersections
A method in an aircraft for identifying valid runway intersections for takeoff is provided. The method comprises: estimating a runway length required for takeoff based on aircraft parameters; estimating, at each of a plurality of runway intersections, a corrected runway length at the runway intersection by applying an elevation correction, a temperature correction, and a gradient correction; determining, based on the estimated runway length required for takeoff and the corrected runway length at each of the plurality of runway intersections, each valid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff and each invalid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is not long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff; and signaling an aircraft display device to display on a map depicting the takeoff runway each invalid runway intersection.
1. A flight deck system for identifying valid runway intersections for takeoff, the flight deck system comprising:
an aircraft display device in an aircraft; and
a controller configured to:
estimate a runway length required for takeoff based on aircraft parameters;
estimate, at each of a plurality of runway intersections, a corrected runway length available for takeoff at the runway intersection by applying an elevation correction, a temperature correction, and a gradient correction to an actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway;
determine, based on the estimated runway length required for takeoff and the corrected runway length available for takeoff at each of the plurality of runway intersections, each valid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff and each invalid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is not long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff; and
signal the aircraft display device to display on a map depicting the takeoff runway an invalid intersection icon adjacent to each invalid runway intersection.
2. The flight deck system of claim 1 , wherein to estimate the controller is configured to:
estimate the elevation correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a first factor;
estimate the temperature correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a second factor; and
estimate the gradient correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a third factor;
wherein the corrected runway length is equal to the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway plus the elevation correction, the temperature correction, and the gradient correction.
3. The flight deck system of claim 2 , wherein:
the first factor is based on a first fixed percentage per a fixed altitude level above sea level at the takeoff runway;
the second factor is based on a second fixed percentage per fixed amount of temperature increase at the takeoff runway; and
the third factor is based on a third fixed percentage per fixed percentage of effective gradient when a combined elevation correction and temperature correction remains less than a fourth fixed percentage of the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway.
4. The flight deck system of claim 3 , wherein:
the first factor is seven percent per 300 meter altitude above mean sea level (MSL);
the second factor is one percent for every one-degree Celsius rise in Airport Reference Temperature (ART); and
the third factor is 20 percent for every one percent of the effective gradient when the combined elevation correction and temperature correction remains less than 35 percent of the nominal takeoff runway length.
5. The flight deck system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
generate a takeoff runway map that graphically depicts the takeoff runway, a taxiway on which the aircraft traverses to reach the takeoff runway, the runway intersections from the taxiway to the takeoff runway, an aircraft graphical element representative of the aircraft, a valid intersection graphical element for identifying each valid runway intersection and an invalid intersection graphical element for identifying each invalid runway intersection; and
signal the aircraft display device to display the takeoff runway map.
6. The flight deck system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured position an indication of the corrected runway length for each runway intersection adjacent to the runway intersection.
7. The flight deck system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to position a takeoff direction indicator for each runway intersection adjacent to the runway intersection.
8. The flight deck system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to provide an alert on a cockpit display when the corrected runway length for a runway intersection selected using the cockpit display by a flight crew member is not long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff.
9. A method in a flight deck system in an aircraft for identifying valid runway intersections for takeoff, the method comprising:
estimating a runway length required for takeoff based on aircraft parameters;
estimating, at each of a plurality of runway intersections, a corrected runway length available for takeoff at the runway intersection by applying an elevation correction, a temperature correction, and a gradient correction to an actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway;
determining, based on the estimated runway length required for takeoff and the corrected runway length available for takeoff at each of the plurality of runway intersections, each valid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff and each invalid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is not long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff; and
signaling an aircraft display device to display on a map depicting the takeoff runway an invalid intersection icon adjacent to each invalid runway intersection.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein estimating a corrected runway length comprises:
estimating the elevation correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a first factor;
estimating the temperature correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a second factor;
estimating the gradient correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a third factor; and
making the corrected runway length equal to the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway plus the elevation correction, the temperature correction, and the gradient correction.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the first factor is based on a first fixed percentage per a fixed altitude level above sea level at the takeoff runway;
the second factor is based on a second fixed percentage per fixed amount of temperature increase at the takeoff runway; and
the third factor is based on a third fixed percentage per fixed percentage of effective gradient when a combined elevation correction and temperature correction remains less than a fourth fixed percentage of the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the first factor is seven percent per 300 meter altitude above mean sea level (MSL);
the second factor is one percent for every one-degree Celsius rise in Airport Reference Temperature (ART); and
the third factor is 20 percent for every one percent of the effective gradient when the combined elevation correction and temperature correction remains less than 35 percent of the nominal takeoff runway length.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
generating a takeoff runway map that graphically depicts the takeoff runway, a taxiway on which the aircraft traverses to reach the takeoff runway, the runway intersections from the taxiway to the takeoff runway, an aircraft graphical element representative of the aircraft, a valid intersection graphical element for identifying each valid runway intersection and an invalid intersection graphical element for identifying each invalid runway intersection; and
signaling the aircraft display device to display the takeoff runway map.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising positioning an indication of the corrected runway length for each runway intersection adjacent to the runway intersection.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising positioning a takeoff direction indicator for each runway intersection adjacent to the runway intersection.
16. The method of claim 9 , further comprising providing an alert on a cockpit display when the corrected runway length for a runway intersection selected using the cockpit display by a flight crew member is not long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff.
17. A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with instructions configurable to cause a controller in an aircraft to perform a method for identifying valid runway intersections for takeoff, the method comprising:
estimating a runway length required for takeoff based on aircraft parameters;
estimating, at each of a plurality of runway intersections, a corrected runway length available for takeoff at the runway intersection by applying an elevation correction, a temperature correction, and a gradient correction to an actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway;
determining, based on the estimated runway length required for takeoff and the corrected runway length available for takeoff at each of the plurality of runway intersections, each valid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff and each invalid runway intersection from the plurality of runway intersections whose corrected runway length is not long enough for use by the aircraft for takeoff; and
signaling an aircraft display device to display on a map depicting the takeoff runway an invalid intersection icon adjacent to each invalid runway intersection.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 , wherein estimating a corrected runway length comprises:
estimating the elevation correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a first factor;
estimating the temperature correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a second factor;
estimating the gradient correction for determining the corrected runway length available for takeoff by multiplying the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway by a third factor; and
making the corrected runway length equal to the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway plus the elevation correction, the temperature correction, and the gradient correction.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18 , wherein:
the first factor is based on a first fixed percentage per a fixed altitude level above sea level at the takeoff runway;
the second factor is based on a second fixed percentage per fixed amount of temperature increase at the takeoff runway; and
the third factor is based on a third fixed percentage per fixed percentage of effective gradient when a combined elevation correction and temperature correction remains less than a fourth fixed percentage of the actual length of the runway from the runway intersection to the end of the runway.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein:
the first factor is seven percent per 300 meter altitude above mean sea level (MSL);
the second factor is one percent for every one-degree Celsius rise in Airport Reference Temperature (ART); and
the third factor is 20 percent for every one percent of the effective gradient when the combined elevation correction and temperature correction remains less than 35 percent of the nominal takeoff runway length.