Radiation detection apparatus having a reflector
A radiation detection apparatus may include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation, a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light, and a reflector surrounding the photosensor. The photosensor may be coupled to a wiring board and the reflector may be coupled to the wiring board. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.
1. A radiation detection apparatus comprising:
a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation;
at least one silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light;
a reflector surrounding the at least one SiPM; and
a wiring board, wherein both the reflector and the at least one SiPM are on a same surface of the wiring board.
2. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus has a delta pulse height resolution between 0.6% and 1.9%.
3. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a housing that contains the scintillator, the at least one SiPM, and the reflector.
4. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the SiPM has a surface area that is less than 70% of a surface area of the scintillator.
5. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the surface area of the SiPM is at least 1% of the surface area of the scintillator.
6. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflector covers at least 1% of a surface area of the wiring board.
7. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflector covers at least 50% of a surface area of the wiring board.
8. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus has a pulse height resolution that is less than 7.1% for a Cs-137 isotope 662 keV.
9. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , where the scintillator includes a material comprising lanthanum bromide.
10. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1 , apparatus has a delta pulse height resolution between 0.6% to 1.0%.
11. A radiation detection apparatus comprising:
a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation;
at least one silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light;
a reflector surrounding the at least one SiPM; and
a wiring board, wherein the reflector covers at least 30% of a surface area of the wiring board.
12. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the pulse height resolution is less than 7.3% for a Cs-137 isotope 662 keV.
13. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the at least one SiPM has a surface area that between 1% and 95% of the scintillator.
14. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the reflector has a reflection coefficient of between 80%-99% as measured at 440 nm.
15. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the reflector surrounds the at least one SiPM on all sides.
16. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the at least one SiPM comprises more than one SiPM arranged in an array.
17. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the scintillator comprises a material selected from the group consisting of NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), CsI(Na), LaBr 3 , CLLB, LYSO, LSO, CdWO 4 , CeBr 3 , Strontium Iodide, BGO, and CaF 2 (Eu).
18. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the reflector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, teflon-like material, meilex, and mylar tape.
19. A method of using radiation detection apparatus comprising:
providing housing containing a scintillator, at least one silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), a wiring board, and a reflector, wherein:
the scintillator is configured to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation;
the at least one SiPM is configured to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light;
the reflector is configured to direct the scintillating light to the at least one SiPM;
both the reflector and the at least one SiPM are on the wiring board; and
producing a pulse height resolution of less than 7.4% for a Cs-137 isotope 662 keV.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the wiring board has a surface area and wherein any of the surface area of the wiring board not covered by the at least one SiPM is covered by the reflector.