Treated substrates and methods of producing the same
Treated substrates and methods of forming the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a treated substrate includes lignocellulose and a polymer fixed to the lignocellulose to form the treated substrate. The polymer includes a succinic moiety that can reversibly change between a succinic anhydride and a succinic acid moiety. The treated substrate has a wet tensile index of about 3 newton meters per gram or less.
1. A treated substrate comprising:
lignocellulose;
one or more polymers fixed to the lignocellulose to form the treated substrate, wherein the one or more polymers comprises a succinic moiety that can reversibly change between a succinic anhydride moiety and a succinic acid moiety, wherein the treated substrate has a wet tensile index of about 3 newton meters per gram or less, and wherein the one or more polymers comprises a copolymer of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, or combinations thereof with a monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid, diallyldimethylammonium salt, acryloylethyltrimethyl ammonium salt, acryloylethyl dimethylamine, ethacryloylethyltrimethyl ammonium salt, ethacryloylethyl dimethylamine, methacryloylethyl trimethyl ammonium salt, methacryloylethyl dimethylamine, acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium salt, acrylamidopropyl dimethylamine, methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium salt, methacrylamidopropyl dimethylamine, vinylformamide, vinylamine, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-alkylacrylamide, vinylformamide, methyl vinyl ether, octadecene, isobutylene, butadiene, ethylene, and mixtures thereof: thereof, and where the one or more polymers comprises poly (butadiene-co-maleic acid).
2. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more polymers fixed to the lignocellulose consists of the one or more polymers comprising the succinic moiety that can reversibly change between the succinic anhydride moiety and the succinic acid moiety.
3. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein:
a fixed gamma (Γ f ) value represents an amount of the polymer fixed to the treated substrate measured in milliequivalents of a titratable carboxyl group of the polymer per gram of dry treated substrate, and wherein the Γ f value is at least about 0.001 milliequivalents per gram of the dry treated substrate.
4. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein:
the treated substrate primarily comprises wood pulp.
5. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein:
the treated substrate comprises kraft pulp.
6. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers consist of poly (butadiene-co-maleic acid).
7. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of from about 2 to about 10,000 kilodaltons.
8. The treated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the wet tensile index of the treated substrate is about 2 newton meters per gram or less.
9. A treated substrate comprising:
lignocellulose;
a polymer fixed to the lignocellulose to form the treated substrate, wherein the polymer consists of the polymer that comprises a succinic moiety that can reversibly change between a succinic anhydride moiety and a succinic acid moiety, wherein the treated substrate has wet tensile index of about 3 newton meters per gram or less, wherein the treated substrate has a fixed gamma value, wherein the fixed gamma value represents an amount of polymer fixed to the treated substrate measured in milliequivalents of a titratable carboxyl group of the polymer per gram of dry treated substrate, and wherein the fixed gamma value is about 0.001 milliequivalents per gram of dry treated substrate or greater.
10. A method of forming a treated substrate, the method comprising the steps of:
applying a polymer ingredient to an untreated substrate to form a polymer substrate combination, wherein the untreated substrate comprises lignocellulose, the polymer ingredient comprises a one or more polymers, wherein the one or more polymers comprises a succinic moiety that can reversibly change between a succinic anhydride moiety and a succinic acid moiety, and wherein the one or more polymers comprises a copolymer of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, or combinations thereof with a monomer selected from the group of consisting of acrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid, diallyldimethylammonium salt, acryloylethyltrimethyl ammonium salt, acryloylethyl dimethylamine, ethacryloylethyltrimethyl ammonium salt, ethacryloylethyl dimethylamine, methacryloylethyl trimethyl ammonium salt, methacryloylethyl dimethylamine, acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium salt, acrylamidopropyl dimethylamine, methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium salt, methacrylamidopropyl dimethylamine, vinylformamide, vinylamine, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-alkylacrylamide, vinylformamide, methyl vinyl ether, octadecene, isobutylene, butadiene, ethylene, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the one or more polymers comprise poly (butadiene-co-maleic acid);
fixing the one or more polymers to the untreated substrate to form the treated substrate by heating the polymer substrate combination to a curing temperature of about 100 degrees Celsius or greater for a curing time; and
terminating the heating of the polymer substrate combination when a wet tensile index of the treated substrate is about 3 newton meters per gram or less, and when a fixed gamma (Γ f ) value of the treated substrate is about 0.001 milliequivalents per gram of dry treated substrate or greater, wherein the Γ f value represents an amount of polymer fixed to the treated substrate measured in milliequivalents of titratable carboxyl groups of the polymer per gram of dry treated substrate.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
adjusting a pH of the polymer substrate combination to from about 2 to about 5.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
adjusting a pH of the polymer substrate combination to from about 3 to about 4.5.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
fixing the one or more polymers to the untreated substrate comprises fixing the one or more polymers to the untreated substrate to produce the Γ f value of about 0.03 to 10 milliequivalents per dry gram of the treated substrate.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
fixing the one or more polymers to the untreated substrate comprises heating the polymer ingredient and the untreated substrate to the curing temperature, wherein the curing temperature is about 150 degrees Celsius or greater.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
terminating the heating of the treated substrate when a beta gamma product of the treated substrate (βΓ a ) is less than or equal to a beta gamma product corresponding to the wet tensile index of 3 newton meters per gram of the treated substrate (βΓ a3 ), where beta (β) is a total succinic anhydride moiety of the polymer divided by a total succinic moiety of the polymer, and an applied gamma (Γ a ) of the treated substrate is the amount of polymer added to the untreated substrate in milliequivalents per gram of dry treated substrate.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of from about 2 to about 10,000 kilodaltons.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
The polymer ingredient is free of alkali metal hypophosphites and phosphites, (i.e., MH 2 PO 2 , MH 2 PO 3 and M 2 HPO 3 ), where M is the alkali metal; an alkali metal salt of polyphosphoric acid; lithium dihydrogen phosphate; sodium dihydrogen phosphate; potassium dihydrogen phosphate; sodium hypophosphite; sodium salt of dichloroacetic acid; p-toluenesulfonic acid; 1,4-dimethylaminopyridin; 1-methylimidazole; and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
terminating the heating comprises producing the treated substrate wherein the wet tensile index of the treated substrate is about 2 newton meters per gram or less.