OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ORGANOMETAL PEROVSKITES WITH MIXED ANIONS

1 - 87 . (canceled)

88 . An optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions.

89 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises a first cation, a second cation, and said two or more different anions selected from halide anions.

90 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 89 , wherein the second cation is a divalent metal cation.

91 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 90 , wherein the second cation is selected from Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ .

92 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 89 , wherein the first cation is an organic cation.

93 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 92 , wherein the organic cation is any of:

an organic cation having the formula (R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N) + , wherein R 1 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; R 2 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; R 3 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and R 4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and

an organic cation having the formula (R 5 R 6 N═CH—NR 7 R 8 ) + , wherein R 5 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; R 6 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; R 7 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and R 8 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and preferably has the formula (H 2 N═CH—NH 2 ) + .

94 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 93 , wherein the organic cation is an organic cation having the formula (R 5 NH 3 ) + , wherein R 5 is hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl.

95 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein the mixed-anion perovskite has the formula [A][B][X] 3 wherein [A] is at least one cation, [B] is at least one cation, and [X] is two or more different halide anions, wherein one of the two or more different halide anions is iodide.

96 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein the perovskite is a perovskite compound of the formula (I):

[A][B][X] 3   (I)

wherein:

[A] is at least one organic cation;

[B] is at least one metal cation; and

[X] is said two or more different anions selected from halide anions.

97 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein the perovskite is a mixed-halide perovskite of the formula (Ia)

[A][B][X] 3   (Ia)

wherein:

[A] is at least one cation, comprising at least one organic cation of the formula (R 5 R 6 N═CH—NR 7 R 8 ) + , wherein:

(i) R 5 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

(ii) R 6 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

(iii) R 7 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and

(iv) R 8 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

[B] is at least one divalent metal cation; and

[X] is two or more different halide anions.

98 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein the perovskite is a perovskite compound of formula (IIa):

ABX 3z X′ 3(1−z)   (IIa)

wherein:

A is an organic cation of the formula (R 5 R 6 N═CH—NR 7 R 8 ) + , wherein: R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

B is a metal cation;

X is a first halide anion;

X′ is a second halide anion which is different from the first halide anion; and

z is greater than 0 and less than 1.

99 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 98 , wherein z is from 0.05 to 0.95.

100 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein the perovskite is selected from CH 3 NH 3 PbBrI 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbBrCl 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbIBr 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbICl 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbClBr 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI 2 Cl, CH 3 NH 3 SnBrI 2 , CH 3 NH 3 SnBrCl 2 , CH 3 NH 3 SnF 2 Br, CH 3 NH 3 SnIBr 2 , CH 3 NH 3 SnICl 2 , CH 3 NH 3 SnF 2 I, CH 3 NH 3 SnClBr 2 , CH 3 NH 3 SnI 2 C 1 and CH 3 NH 3 SnF 2 Cl.

101 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 98 , wherein the perovskite has the formula (H 2 N═CH—NH 2 )PbI 3z Br 3(1−z) .

102 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 88 , wherein said optoelectronic device is an optoelectronic device selected from: a light-emitting device; a photodiode; a photomultiplier; a photo resistor; a photo detector; solid-state triode; a battery electrode; a transistor; and a laser.

103 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 102 , wherein said optoelectronic device is selected from: a light-emitting diode; a phototransistor; a light-sensitive detector; and a diode injection laser.

104 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 102 , wherein said optoelectronic device is a light-emitting device.

105 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 104 , wherein said optoelectronic device is a light-emitting diode.

106 . An optoelectronic device comprising a perovskite of the formula (I)

[A][B][X] 3   (I)

wherein:

[A] is at least one cation, comprising at least one organic cation of the formula (R 5 R 6 N═CH—NR 7 R 8 ) + , wherein:

(i) R 5 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

(ii) R 6 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

(iii) R 7 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and

(iv) R 8 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl;

[B] is at least one divalent metal cation, wherein [B] comprises Pb 2+ ; and

[X] is iodide.

107 . An optoelectronic device according to claim 106 , wherein the optoelectronic device is a light-emitting device.