Method and apparatus for calibration of gas and liquid concentration sensors without the need for known calibration standards

1. A method, comprising:

collecting a sample of a gas containing nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen in a container;

measuring a rate of a decrease in an NO signal over a period of time, the NO signal produced by a sensor and based on a concentration of NO in the container;

determining, based on the rate of the decrease in the NO signal, an initial concentration of NO in the gas; and

adjusting a calibration parameter of the sensor based on the initial concentration of NO in the gas.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial concentration of NO in the gas is unknown prior to determining the initial concentration of the NO in the gas.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a calibration state of the sensor while measuring the rate of decrease in the NO signal over the period of time is unknown.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is at least one of out of calibration, due for calibration, or in an unknown calibration state while measuring the rate of decrease in the NO signal over the period of time such that a value of the NO signal during the time period cannot be relied on to accurately calculate an NO concentration.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas is a first gas, the method further comprising:

exposing the sensor to a second gas after adjusting the calibration parameter; and

measuring a concentration of NO in the second gas based on a value of the NO signal while the sensor is exposed to the second gas.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the gas is a first gas; and

collecting the sample includes directing a second gas containing NO to the container, the second gas being devoid of oxygen and NO 2 , the method further comprising:

mixing the second gas within the container with a third gas to produce the first gas.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of oxygen in the gas exceeds a concentration of NO in the gas.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a first sensor, the method further comprising:

measuring a rate of an increase in a nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) signal over the period of time, the NO 2 signal produced by a second sensor based on a concentration of NO 2 in the container,

the initial concentration of NO in the sample of gas determined based on the rate of the decrease in the NO signal and the rate of the increase in the NO 2 signal.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

summing, for a plurality of instances of time during the period of time, a value associated with the NO signal and a value associated with the NO 2 signal to produce measurements of a net concentration of NO and NO 2 during the time period; and

sending an indication of a calibration failure based on the measurements of the net concentration of NO and NO 2 during the time period.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the period of time is between 30 seconds and 4 minutes in length.

11. A method, comprising:

collecting a sample of a gas containing nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen in a container;

measuring a rate of an increase in a nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) signal over a period of time, the NO 2 signal produced by a second sensor and based on a concentration of NO 2 in the container;

determining, based on the rate of the increase in the NO 2 signal, an initial concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the gas; and

adjusting a calibration parameter of a first sensor based on the initial concentration of NO in the sample of the gas, the first sensor configured to measure NO.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

measuring a rate of a decrease in an NO signal over the period of time, the NO signal produced by the first sensor based on a concentration of NO in the container,

the initial concentration of NO in the gas determined based on the rate of the decrease in the NO signal over the period of time.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

summing, for a plurality of instances of time during the period of time, a value associated with the NO signal and a value associated with the NO 2 signal to produce measurements of a net concentration of NO and NO 2 during the time period; and

sending an indication of a calibration failure based on the measurements of the net concentration of NO and NO 2 during the time period.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the initial concentration of NO in the gas is unknown prior to determining the initial concentration of the NO in the gas.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second sensor is at least one of out of calibration, due for calibration, or in an unknown calibration state while measuring the rate of increase in the NO 2 signal over the period of time such that values of the NO 2 signal during the time period cannot be relied on to accurately calculate an NO 2 concentration.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

determining, based on the rate of the increase in the NO 2 signal, an initial concentration of NO 2 in the gas; and

adjusting a calibration parameter of the second sensor based on the initial concentration of NO 2 in the gas.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the gas is a first gas, the method further comprising:

exposing the second sensor to a second gas after adjusting the calibration parameter; and

measuring a concentration of NO 2 in the second gas based on a value of the NO 2 signal while the second sensor is exposed to the second gas.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the gas is a first gas, the method further comprising:

exposing the first sensor to a second gas after adjusting the calibration parameter; and

measuring a concentration of NO in the second gas based on a value of the NO signal while the first sensor is exposed to the second gas.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein:

the gas is a first gas; and

collecting the sample includes directing a second gas containing NO to the container, the second gas being devoid of oxygen and NO 2 , the method further comprising:

mixing the second gas within the container with a third gas to produce the first gas.