Process and system for duplex rotary reformer
Methods and apparatuses for producing fuel and power from the reformation of organic waste include the use of steam to produce syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, followed by conversion of that syngas product to hydrogen. Some embodiments include the use of a heated auger both to heat the organic waste and further cool the syngas.
1 . An apparatus for calcination of organic material, comprising:
a kiln including first and second stationary ends and a rotating midsection between the two ends, the first end including an entrance for organic material and a separate exit for syngas;
a conveyor for moving organic material from the entrance toward the second end, said conveyor being supported within the midsection, said conveyor including an internal gas path that provides syngas to the exit; and
a electrically heated steam reformer supported at the second end, said reformer including an inlet for receiving organic material and an outlet for providing heated syngas to the internal gas path, said reformer including a reactor receiving organic material from the inlet and providing heated syngas to the outlet;
wherein said rotating midsection rotates axially around outside said reactor; and
wherein the flow of syngas from the outlet of said reformer through the internal gas path to the exit transfers heat into said conveyor and said heated conveyor transfers heat into the moving organic material.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 which further comprises at least one turning vane proximate to the inlet of said reformer, said vane being adapted and configured to separate solid inorganic material from the organic material prior to being received in said reactor.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 which further comprises a grinding region located within the midsection that receives solid inorganic material, said grinding region including tumbling media to crush the solid inorganic material, the crushed material being provided to a chute supported at the second end of said kiln.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said conveyor is a helical conveyor rotatable with the midsection.
5 . The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the internal gas path extends down the central hub of the helix shape.
6 . The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the internal gas path extends within spiral arms of the helix shape.
7 . The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the helical conveyor is affixed to an interior of the midsection.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the internal gas path is formed between the interior of the midsection and the helical conveyor.
9 . The apparaus of claim 1 which further comprises a heat exchanger that receives the syngas flowing out of the exit of said kiln and reheats the syngas with waste heat from said kiln.
10 . The apparatus of claim 9 which further comprises a shift converter that receives at least a portion of the reheated syngas from the heat exchanger for shift conversion of the some of the reheated syngas to hydrogen.
11 . The apparatus of claim 9 which further comprises a pressure swing adsorber that receives at least a portion of the reheated syngas and separates a carbon dioxide portion of said reheated syngas.
12 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the separated carbon dioxide portion is returned from the pressure swing absorber to the kiln.
13 . An apparatus for calcination of organic material, comprising:
a kiln including first and second stationary ends and an outer wall between the two ends, the first end including an entrance for organic material, said kiln including an exit for syngas at one of said stationary ends;
a helical conveyor for moving organic material from the entrance toward the second end, said conveyor being affixed to an interior of the outer wall and being rotatable relative to the first end, said conveyor including an internal gas path in fluid communication with the exit; and
a heated steam reformer supported within said kiln, said reformer including an inlet for receiving organic material and an outlet for providing heated syngas to the internal gas path, said reformer including a reactor receiving organic material from the inlet and providing heated syngas to the outlet;
wherein the flow of syngas from the outlet of said reformer through the internal gas path to the exit transfers heat into said helical conveyor and said heated conveyor transfers heat into the moving organic material.
14 . The apparatus of claim 13 which further comprises a heat exchanger that receives the syngas flowing out of the exit of said kiln and reheats the syngas with waste heat from said kiln.
15 . The apparatus of claim 14 wherein at least a portion of the reheated syngas flows into a reactor for shift conversion of the some of the reheated syngas to hydrogen.
16 . The apparatus of claim 14 wherein a carbon dioxide portion of syngas exiting the reactor is separated by a pressure swing adsorber.
17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the separated carbon dioxide portion is returned from the pressure swing absorber to the kiln.
18 . The apparatus of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of the syngas flowing from the exit of said kiln is received in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
19 . The apparatus of claim 18 which further comprises a heat engine driving an electric generator, wherein steam generated in said FT reactor is provided to power said heat engine.
20 . The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said steam reformer is electrically heated, and electricity from said electric generator is provided to said steam reformer.
21 . The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said steam reformer is supported by a hollow truss within said kiln, said hollow truss including an entrance for steam and being in fluid communication with said reactor.