Devices, systems, and methods for cardiac resynchronization therapy
The present technology generally includes devices, systems, and methods for providing electrical stimulation to the left ventricle of a human heart in a patient suffering from Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). In particular, the present technology includes an implantable receiver-stimulator and an implantable controller-transmitter for leadless electrical stimulation of the heart. The receiver-stimulator can include one or more sensors capable of detecting the electrical conduction of the heart and the receiver-stimulator can be configured to pace the stimulation of the left ventricle based off the sensed electrical conduction to achieve synchronization of the left and right ventricles.
1. A method for stimulating the left ventricle of a heart of a human subject having left bundle branch block (LBBB), the method including:
sensing an initiation of an electrical signal to contract a right ventricle of the heart by detecting an onset of a QRS segment;
emitting acoustic energy in response to the sensed initiation of the electrical signal to contract the right ventricle;
receiving the emitted acoustic energy at a receiver-stimulator implanted within or adjacent to the left ventricle;
converting the received acoustic energy into electrical energy; and
stimulating the left ventricle with the electrical energy to improve the contraction synchronization of the left ventricle and the right ventricle.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein stimulating the left ventricle occurs within about 1 millisecond, about 2 milliseconds, about 3 milliseconds, about 4 milliseconds, about 5 milliseconds, about 10 milliseconds, about 20 milliseconds, about 30 milliseconds, about 40 milliseconds, about 50 milliseconds, about 60 milliseconds, about 70 milliseconds, about 80 milliseconds, about 90 milliseconds, about 100 milliseconds, about 110 milliseconds, or about 120 milliseconds of sensing the initiation of the QRS segment.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein stimulating the left ventricle reduces the duration of the QRS segment.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the acoustic energy is emitted by a controller-transmitter, and wherein the controller-transmitter is implanted inside the human subject.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein sensing the initiation of the electrical signal includes sensing the initiation of the electrical signal via the controller-transmitter.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein sensing the initiation of the electrical signal includes providing one or more sensors configured to detect an electrical conduction of the heart in real-time or with a delay of less than about 5 milliseconds, less than about 4 milliseconds, less than about 3 milliseconds, less than about 2 milliseconds, or less than about 1 millisecond.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the receiver-stimulator is one of a plurality of receiver-stimulators, and wherein stimulating the left ventricle includes stimulating the left ventricle with the plurality of receiver-stimulators.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein sensing the initiation of the electrical signal includes sensing consecutive electrical signals corresponding to consecutive QRS segments, and wherein stimulating the left ventricle includes stimulating the left ventricle in consecutive cycles to mimic a heartbeat.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein stimulating the left ventricle with the electrical energy includes delivering the electrical energy to the left ventricle within a predefined duration beginning at the onset of the QRS segment.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein sensing the initiation of the electrical signal includes sensing the initiation of the electrical signal in substantially real-time.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical energy is sufficient to initiate contraction of the left ventricle.
12. A method for stimulating the left ventricle of a heart of a human subject having left bundle branch block (LBBB), the method including:
sensing an initiation of an electrical signal to contract a right ventricle of the heart by detecting an onset of a QRS segment;
emitting acoustic energy in response to the sensed initiation of the electrical signal to contract the right ventricle;
receiving the emitted acoustic energy at a receiver-stimulator implanted within or adjacent to the left ventricle;
converting the received acoustic energy into electrical energy; and
delivering the electrical energy to the left ventricle within a predefined duration beginning at the detection of the onset of the QRS segment.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the predefined duration is less than about 10 milliseconds.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the predefined duration is about 1 millisecond, about 2 milliseconds, about 3 milliseconds, about 4 milliseconds, about 5 milliseconds, about 10 milliseconds, about 20 milliseconds, about 30 milliseconds, about 40 milliseconds, about 50 milliseconds, about 60 milliseconds, about 70 milliseconds, about 80 milliseconds, about 90 milliseconds, about 100 milliseconds, about 110 milliseconds, or about 120 milliseconds.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein delivering the electrical energy to the left ventricle synchronizes contraction of the left ventricle and the right ventricle.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein delivering the electrical energy to the left ventricle reduces the duration of the QRS segment.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the acoustic energy is emitted by a controller-transmitter, and wherein the controller-transmitter is implanted inside the human subject.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein sensing the initiation of the electrical signal includes sensing the initiation of the electrical signal via the controller-transmitter.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein sensing the initiation of the electrical signal includes providing one or more sensors configured to detect an electrical conduction of the heart in real-time or with a delay of less than about 5 milliseconds, less than about 4 milliseconds, less than about 3 milliseconds, less than about 2 milliseconds, or less than about 1 millisecond.
20. The method of claim 12 wherein the electrical energy is sufficient to initiate contraction of the left ventricle.