Heat switches for controlling a flow of heat between thermal stages of a cryostat
Heat switches are presented herein for controlling a flow of heat between thermal stages of a cryostat. In one aspect, a heat switch for a cryostat includes a thermal linkage configured to simultaneously contact a first thermal stage and a second thermal stage of the cryostat and define a thermal pathway therebetween. The thermal linkage includes a superconducting element disposed along a portion of the thermal pathway that is capable of transitioning between a superconducting state and a non-superconducting state. A thermal conductivity of the superconducting state is lower than a thermal conductivity of the non-superconducting state. Other types of heat switches are presented, including methods for controlling a flow of heat between thermal stages of a cryostat.
1. A method for controlling a flow of heat between thermal stages of a cryostat, the method comprising:
contacting a thermal linkage to a first thermal stage and a second thermal stage of the cryostat to establish a thermal pathway therebetween, the thermal linkage comprising a superconducting element comprising a superconducting material disposed along a portion of the thermal pathway;
altering a first temperature of the first thermal stage;
altering a second temperature of the second thermal stage; and
selectively transitioning the superconducting element between a superconducting state, where a flow of heat between the first thermal stage and the second thermal stage is decreased, and a non-superconducting state, where a flow of heat between the first thermal stage and the second thermal stage is increased,
wherein altering the first temperature of the first thermal stage comprises heating the first thermal stage;
wherein altering the second temperature of the second thermal stage comprises heating the second thermal stage; and
wherein the method comprises transitioning the superconducting element from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state to increase a rate of heat transfer from the first thermal stage to the second thermal stage.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein selectively transitioning the superconducting element comprises:
cooling the superconducting element at or below a superconducting critical temperature to enter the superconducting state; and
heating the superconducting element above the superconducting critical temperature to enter the non-superconducting state.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein selectively transitioning the superconducting element comprises:
applying a magnetic field to the superconducting element;
increasing a magnitude of the applied magnetic field to at least a superconducting critical magnetic field, thereby inducing the superconducting element to enter the non-superconducting state; and
decreasing the magnitude of the applied magnetic field to below the superconducting critical magnetic field, thereby inducing the superconducting element to enter the superconducting state.
4. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein altering the first temperature of the first thermal stage comprises cooling the first thermal stage;
wherein altering the second temperature of the second thermal stage comprises cooling the second thermal stage; and
wherein transitioning the superconducting element comprises transferring heat from the second thermal stage to the first thermal stage when the superconducting element is in the non-superconducting state.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second thermal stage is cooled to a temperature no greater than 10 K.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second thermal stage is heated from a temperature no greater than 10 K.