System for extinguishing fires
A firefighting system can include an aqueous solution, including an ionic liquid surfactant, and an application mechanism configured to disperse the solution toward a fire.
1. A firefighting solution comprising:
water;
an ionic liquid surfactant;
a metallosurfactant; and
wherein a spreading coefficient of the solution is at least 3, wherein a quarter life of the solution is greater than 2.5 minutes, wherein the viscosity of the solution at 5° C. is less than or equal to 25 centistokes.
2. The solution of claim 1 , wherein a halide content of the solution is less than 500 parts per million.
3. The solution of claim 1 , wherein a pH of the solution is between 6.0 and 8.5.
4. The solution of claim 1 , wherein a low carbon steel corrosion rate of the solution is at most 1.5 milli in/year, wherein a (90-10) copper-nickel corrosion rate of the solution is at most 1.0 milli in/year, wherein a (70-30) nickel-copper corrosion rate of the solution is at most 1.0 milli in/year, and wherein a bronze corrosion rate of the solution is at most 100 milligrams.
5. The solution of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid surfactant comprises:
a cation selected from the group comprising:
choline,
an anion selected from the group comprising:
carbonate, sulphate, tosylate, mesylate, ethane sulphonate, besylate, closilate, camsylate, nosylate, brosylates, dansylate, sulphite, chloride, bromide, iodide, tetrachloroferrate (II), tetrachloroferrate (III), tetrachlorocuprate (II), tetrachlorozincate, tetrachlorocobalate (II), tetrachloroaluminate, R 1 —COO − ,
R 1 —OSO 3 − ; and
wherein:
x is CH or N;
y is CH 2 , O or S;
Z − is —COO − , —SO 3 − , or —OSO 3 − ; and
R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and are each C 1 -C 26 -alkyl or C 1 -C 26 cycloalkyl.
6. The solution of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises a nanoparticle, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a metal carbonate, wherein the metal carbonate comprises at least one of: beryllium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, radium carbonate, scandium carbonate, titanium carbonate, vanadium carbonate, manganese carbonate, iron carbonate, cobalt carbonate, nickel carbonate, copper carbonate, zinc carbonate, and yttrium carbonate.
7. The solution of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises a zwitterionic surfactant, wherein the zwitterionic surfactant comprises at least one of:
wherein
n is 4-18;
m is 1-6;
x is CH or N;
Z − is —COO − , —SO 3 − , or —OSO 3 − ; and
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are identical or different and are each C 1 -C 26 -alkyl or C 1 -C 26 cycloalkyl.
8. The solution of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises an additive, wherein the additive comprises at least one of:
polysorbate 80, sorbitan monoleate, polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether, polyethylene glycolhexadecyl ether, 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenoxy]ethanol,
wherein:
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are identical or different and are each C1-C26-alkyl;
n is 10-10,000;
m is C1-C6;
X is selected from the group comprising: carbonate, sulphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, tetrachloroferrate (II), tetrachloroferrate (III), tetrachlorocuprate (II), tetrachlorozincate, tetrachlorocobalate (II), tetrachloroaluminate, and combinations thereof; and
Z is —COO − , —SO 3 − , or —OSO 3 − .
9. A firefighting system, comprising:
an at least 1% aqueous solution comprising:
an ionic liquid surfactant;
a metallosurfactant; and
a nanoparticle; and
an application mechanism configured to disperse the solution toward a fire;
wherein a halogen content of the solution is less than 500 parts per million.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the nanoparticle comprises a size distribution, wherein a peak of the size distribution is between 1-500 nm.
11. The system of claim 9 , further comprising a second ionic liquid surfactant encapsulated within the nanoparticle, wherein the second ionic liquid surfactant is the same as the ionic liquid surfactant.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the nanoparticle comprises a metal carbonate, wherein the metal carbonate decomposes to a metal oxide and carbon dioxide at temperatures above 50° C.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the metal carbonate comprises at least one of: beryllium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, radium carbonate, scandium carbonate, titanium carbonate, vanadium carbonate, manganese carbonate, iron carbonate, cobalt carbonate, nickel carbonate, copper carbonate, zinc carbonate, yttrium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
14. The system of claim 9 , further comprising a zwitterionic surfactant, wherein the zwitterionic surfactant comprises at least one of:
wherein
n is 4-18;
m is 1-6;
x is CH or N;
Z − is —COO − , —SO 3 − , or —OSO 3 − ; and
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are identical or different and are each C 1 -C 26 -alkyl or C 1 -C 26 cycloalkyl.
15. The system of claim 9 , further comprising an additive, wherein the additive comprises at least one of:
polysorbate 80, sorbitan monoleate, polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether, polyethylene glycolhexadecyl ether, 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenoxy]ethanol,
and
wherein:
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are identical or different and are each C1-C26-alkyl;
n is 10-10,000;
m is 1-6;
X is selected from the group comprising: carbonate, sulphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, tetrachloroferrate (II), tetrachloroferrate (III), tetrachlorocuprate (II), tetrachlorozincate, tetrachlorocobalate (II), tetrachloroaluminate, and combinations thereof; and
Z is —COO − , —SO 3 − , or —OSO 3 − .
16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the ionic liquid surfactant comprises:
a cation selected from the group comprising:
choline,
an anion selected from the group comprising:
carbonate, sulphate, tosylate, mesylate, ethane sulphonate, besylate, closilate, camsylate, nosylate, brosylates, dansylate, sulphite, chloride, bromide, iodide, tetrachloroferrate (II), tetrachloroferrate (III), tetrachlorocuprate (II), tetrachlorozincate, tetrachlorocobalate (II), and tetrachloroaluminate,
and
wherein:
x is CH or N;
y is CH 2 , O or S;
Z − is —COO − , —SO 3 − , or —OSO 3 − ; and
R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and are each H, C 1 -C 26 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 26 cycloalkyl.
17. The system of claim 9 , wherein the application mechanism is a fire extinguisher.