Wearable defibrillator with output stage having diverting resistance
In embodiments, an external defibrillator has an electrical circuit with a special output stage for the high-voltage defibrillation pulse. The output stage includes switches that can turn on for delivering the pulse, and off during all other times. The output stage also includes a diverting resistance to divert electrical current that could leak into the patient while a capacitor is being charged. An optional detector may notify if a component is malfunctioning. An advantage can be that an external defibrillator may be created according to embodiments that uses, in its output stage, semiconductor switches instead of relays. As semiconductor switches weigh less and occupy less volume than relays, an external defibrillator according to embodiments may have less weight and volume. Especially in wearable defibrillator applications, less weight means less effort to carry and less volume means easier concealment under clothing.
1. A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) system for an ambulatory patient, comprising:
a first defibrillation electrode and a second defibrillation electrode;
a support structure configured to be worn by an ambulatory patient to maintain the first and the second defibrillation electrodes on a body of the ambulatory patient;
a housing having a first defibrillation node and a second defibrillation node, wherein the first defibrillation electrode and the second defibrillation electrode are configured to be coupled to the housing to make electrical contact with the first defibrillation node and the second defibrillation node;
a charge storage device within the housing and configured to store charge amounting to at least 50 joules of energy, the charge storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal configured to be coupled respectively to the first defibrillation node and to the second defibrillation node;
a driver circuit within the housing and having an input node coupled to receive a switch signal and a main output node configured to output a control signal responsive to the received switch signal, the main output node being opto-isolated from the input node; and
a high-voltage switch coupled between the first terminal and the first defibrillation node, the high-voltage switch configured to switch on and to switch off responsive to the control signal to couple and uncouple the first terminal with the first defibrillation node; wherein:
the driver circuit further has an auxiliary output node distinct from the main output node and configured to output a boost voltage in coordination with the control signal; and
the driver circuit comprises a high-voltage control switch configured to switch on or off responsive to a boost control signal to control the boost voltage.
2. The WCD system of claim 1 , wherein:
the driver circuit includes an opto-isolated transceiver.
3. The WCD system of claim 1 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch is part of an H-bridge circuit.
4. The WCD system of claim 3 , further comprising:
a main switch coupled between the first terminal and the H-bridge circuit.
5. The WCD system of claim 1 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch includes a transistor having
a control terminal coupled to receive the control signal, and
a first switching terminal and a second switching terminal coupled between the first terminal and the first defibrillation node, and
wherein the second switching terminal is coupled to the auxiliary output node to receive the boost voltage.
6. The WCD system of claim 5 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch is part of an H-bridge circuit; and
further comprising a main switch coupled between the first terminal and the H-bridge circuit.
7. The WCD system of claim 2 , wherein:
the driver circuit further has a boost capacitor configured to output the boost voltage; and
the driver circuit further has a supply node, and the high-voltage control switch is between the supply node and the boost capacitor.
8. The WCD system of claim 7 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch is part of an H-bridge circuit; and
further comprising a main switch coupled between the first terminal and the H-bridge circuit.
9. A defibrillator configured to operate with a first defibrillation electrode and a second defibrillation electrode that are configured to be attached to a patient, the defibrillator comprising:
a housing configured to be worn by the patient having a first defibrillation node and a second defibrillation node, wherein the first defibrillation electrode and the second defibrillation electrode are configured to be coupled to the housing to make electrical contact with the first defibrillation node and the second defibrillation node respectively;
a charge storage device configured to store charge amounting to at least 50 joules of energy, the charge storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal configured to be coupled respectively to the first defibrillation node and to the second defibrillation node;
a driver circuit having an input node coupled to receive a switch signal and a main output node configured to output a control signal responsive to the received switch signal, the main output node being opto-isolated from the input node, and
a high-voltage switch coupled between the first terminal and the first defibrillation node, the high-voltage switch configured to switch on and to switch off responsive to the control signal to couple and uncouple the first terminal with the first defibrillation node; wherein:
the driver circuit further has an auxiliary output node distinct from the main output node and configured to output a boost voltage in coordination with the control signal; and
the driver circuit comprises a high-voltage control switch that is configured to switch on or off responsive to a boost control signal to control the boost voltage.
10. The defibrillator of claim 9 , wherein:
the driver circuit includes an opto-isolated transceiver.
11. The defibrillator of claim 9 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch is part of an H-bridge circuit.
12. The defibrillator of claim 11 , further comprising:
a main switch coupled between the first terminal and the H-bridge circuit.
13. The defibrillator of claim 9 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch includes a transistor having
a control terminal coupled to receive the control signal, and
a first switching terminal and a second switching terminal coupled between the first terminal and the first defibrillation node, and
wherein the second switching terminal is coupled to the auxiliary output node to receive the boost voltage.
14. The defibrillator of claim 13 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch is part of an H-bridge circuit; and
further comprising a main switch coupled between the first terminal and the H-bridge circuit.
15. The defibrillator of claim 9 , wherein:
the driver circuit further has a boost capacitor configured to output the boost voltage; and
the driver circuit further has a supply node, and a single transistor the high-voltage control switch is between the supply node and the boost capacitor.
16. The defibrillator of claim 15 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch is part of an H-bridge circuit; and
further comprising a main switch coupled between the first terminal and the H-bridge circuit.
17. A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) system for an ambulatory patient, comprising:
a first defibrillation electrode and a second defibrillation electrode;
a support structure configured to be worn by an ambulatory patient to maintain the first and the second defibrillation electrodes on a body of the ambulatory patient;
a housing having a first defibrillation node and a second defibrillation node, wherein the first defibrillation electrode and the second defibrillation electrode are configured to be coupled to the housing to make electrical contact with the first defibrillation node and the second defibrillation node;
a charge storage device within the housing and configured to store charge amounting to at least 50 joules of energy, the charge storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal configured to be coupled respectively to the first defibrillation node and to the second defibrillation node;
a driver circuit within the housing and having an input node coupled to receive a switch signal and a main output node configured to output a control signal responsive to the received switch signal, wherein the driver circuit comprises a high-voltage control switch comprising a first transistor serially coupled with a second transistor; and
a high-voltage switch coupled between the first terminal and the first defibrillation node, the high-voltage switch configured to switch on and to switch off responsive to the control signal to couple and uncouple the first terminal with the first defibrillation node; wherein:
the driver circuit further has an auxiliary output node distinct from the main output node and configured to output a boost voltage in coordination with the control signal, and
the first transistor and the second transistor are configured to switch on or off responsive to a boost control signal to control the boost voltage.
18. The WCD system of claim 17 , wherein:
the high-voltage switch includes a transistor having
a control terminal coupled to receive the control signal, and
a first switching terminal and a second switching terminal coupled between the first terminal and the first defibrillation node, and
wherein the second switching terminal is coupled to the auxiliary output node to receive the boost voltage.
19. The WCD system of claim 17 , wherein:
the driver circuit further has a boost capacitor configured to output the boost voltage;
the driver circuit further has a supply node, and
wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are between the supply node and the boost capacitor.
20. The WCD system of claim 17 , wherein the high-voltage control switch is configured to withstand up to 800 volts (V) across the two serially coupled first and second transistors.