Electromagnetic interference suppression in power converters
In general, one aspect disclosed features an active choke circuit, including a first three-winding choke; a second three-winding choke; and an amplifier; wherein a first winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a first winding of the second three-winding choke; wherein a second winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a second winding of the second three-winding choke; wherein a third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an input of the amplifier; and wherein a third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an output of the amplifier.
1. An active choke circuit, comprising:
a first three-winding choke;
a second three-winding choke;
an amplifier;
wherein a first winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a first winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a second winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a second winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an input of the amplifier;
wherein a third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an output of the amplifier;
a first resistor and a first capacitor, wherein the first resistor and the first capacitor are coupled in series between the input of the amplifier and the third winding of the first three-winding choke;
a second resistor and a second capacitor, wherein the second resistor and the second capacitor are coupled in parallel between the input of the amplifier and the output of the amplifier;
wherein the first and second resistors have variable resistances;
wherein the first and second capacitors have variable capacitances;
a test circuit configured to inject a test signal at the input of the amplifier;
a monitor circuit configured to monitor a signal at the third winding of the first three-winding choke; and
a control circuit configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on the test signal and the signal at the third winding of the first three-winding choke;
wherein the monitor circuit comprises:
a multiplier configured to correlate the test signal and the signal at the third winding of the first three-winding choke, and
a low-pass filter comprising an input electrically coupled to an output of the multiplier,
wherein the control circuit is configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on an output of the low-pass filter.
2. The active choke circuit of claim 1 , wherein:
the test signal is a pseudo-random signal or a sinusoidal signal; and
the monitor circuit further comprises a gain phase detector configured to measure an amplitude and a phase of the output of the low-pass filter at a frequency of the test signal;
wherein the control circuit is further configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on the amplitude and the phase of the output of the low-pass filter at the frequency of the test signal.
3. The active choke circuit of claim 1 , wherein:
the amplifier is a differential amplifier having differential inputs and differential outputs;
the third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential inputs of the differential amplifier; and
the third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential outputs of the differential amplifier.
4. A switching power supply, comprising:
a rectifier having input terminals and output terminals, wherein the input terminals of the rectifier are electrically coupled to AC supply input terminals;
a DC-DC converter having input terminals; and
an active choke circuit electrically coupled between the output terminals of the rectifier and the input terminals of the DC-DC converter, wherein the active choke circuit comprises:
a first three-winding choke;
a second three-winding choke; and
an amplifier;
wherein a first winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a first winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a second winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a second winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an input of the amplifier;
wherein a third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an output of the amplifier;
wherein the active choke circuit further comprises:
a first resistor and a first capacitor, wherein the first resistor and the first capacitor are coupled in series between the input of the amplifier and the third winding of the first three-winding choke,
a second resistor and a second capacitor, wherein the second resistor and the second capacitor are coupled in parallel between the input of the amplifier and the output of the amplifier,
wherein the first and second resistors have variable resistances,
wherein the first and second capacitors have variable capacitances,
a test circuit configured to inject a test signal at the input of the amplifier,
a monitor circuit configured to monitor a signal at the third winding of the first three-winding choke, and
a control circuit configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on the test signal and the signal at the third winding of the first three-winding choke; and
wherein the monitor circuit comprises:
a multiplier configured to correlate the test signal and the signal at the third winding of the first three-winding choke, and
a low-pass filter comprising an input electrically coupled to an output of the multiplier,
wherein the control circuit is configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on an output of the low-pass filter.
5. The switching power supply of claim 4 , wherein:
the test signal is a pseudo-random signal or a sinusoidal signal; and
the monitor circuit further comprises a gain phase detector configured to measure an amplitude and a phase of the output of the low-pass filter at a frequency of the test signal;
wherein the control circuit is further configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on the amplitude and the phase of the output of the low-pass filter at the frequency of the test signal.
6. The switching power supply of claim 4 , wherein:
the amplifier is a differential amplifier having differential inputs and differential outputs;
the third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential inputs of the differential amplifier; and
the third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential outputs of the differential amplifier.
7. An active choke circuit, comprising:
a first three-winding choke;
a second three-winding choke;
an amplifier;
wherein a first winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a first winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a second winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a second winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an input of the amplifier;
wherein a third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an output of the amplifier;
wherein:
the amplifier is a differential amplifier having differential inputs and differential outputs,
the third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential inputs of the differential amplifier,
the third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential outputs of the differential amplifier,
the third winding of the second three-winding choke is terminated by first and second terminals,
the active choke circuit further comprises:
a first resistor and a first capacitor, wherein the first resistor and the first capacitor are coupled in parallel between a first one of the differential inputs of the differential amplifier and a first one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier, and
a second resistor and a second capacitor, wherein the second resistor and second capacitor are coupled in parallel between a second one of the differential inputs of the differential amplifier and a second one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier,
the first and second resistors have variable resistances,
the first and second capacitors have variable capacitances, and
the active choke circuit further comprises a control circuit configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on the differential outputs of the differential amplifier; and a comparator comprising:
a first input electrically coupled to the first one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier,
a second input electrically coupled to the second one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier, and
an output electrically coupled to an input of the control circuit.
8. A switching power supply, comprising:
a rectifier having input terminals and output terminals, wherein the input terminals of the rectifier are electrically coupled to AC supply input terminals;
a DC-DC converter having input terminals; and
an active choke circuit electrically coupled between the output terminals of the rectifier and the input terminals of the DC-DC converter, wherein the active choke circuit comprises:
a first three-winding choke;
a second three-winding choke; and
an amplifier;
wherein a first winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a first winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a second winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled in series with a second winding of the second three-winding choke;
wherein a third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an input of the amplifier;
wherein a third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled to an output of the amplifier;
wherein:
the amplifier is a differential amplifier having differential inputs and differential outputs,
the third winding of the first three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential inputs of the differential amplifier,
the third winding of the second three-winding choke is electrically coupled between the differential outputs of the differential amplifier,
the third winding of the second three-winding choke is terminated by first and second terminals, the active choke circuit further comprises:
a first resistor and a first capacitor, wherein the first resistor and the first capacitor are coupled in parallel between a first one of the differential inputs of the differential amplifier and a first one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier, and
a second resistor and a second capacitor, wherein the second resistor and second capacitor are coupled in parallel between a second one of the differential inputs of the differential amplifier and a second one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier,
the first and second resistors have variable resistances,
the first and second capacitors have variable capacitances, and
the active choke circuit further comprises:
a control circuit configured to vary the variable resistances and the variable capacitances based on the differential outputs of the differential amplifier, and
a comparator comprising:
a first input electrically coupled to the first one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier,
a second input electrically coupled to the second one of the differential outputs of the differential amplifier, and
an output electrically coupled to an input of the control circuit.