Fire-fighting foam concentrate
An aqueous concentrate, which can be diluted with an aqueous diluent to form a foam precursor composition, is provided. The foam precursor composition may be aerated to form a firefighting foam. The present aqueous firefighting concentrates include a surfactant component, which includes one or more of an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant and an aliphatic alcohol-based component. The aliphatic alcohol-based component typically includes at least two alcohols and/or alcohol ethoxylates. The aqueous concentrates contain a substantial amount of water and typically are substantially free of any fluorinated compound.
1. An aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate comprising:
a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, optionally a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
an aliphatic alcohol-based component comprising a C 8 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol and an ethoxylate of a C 10 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol having an average of no more than about 6 ethylene oxide units; and
at least about 30 wt. % water.
2. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 comprising:
about 2 to 50 wt. % of the surfactant component;
about 0.1 to 10 wt. % of the aliphatic alcohol-based component; and
at least about 50 wt. % water; and
further comprising about 1 to 30 wt. % of a water-miscible organic solvent.
3. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 further comprising a polysaccharide thickener and a water-miscible organic solvent.
4. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 which is free of nonionic surfactant.
5. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 further comprising a reducing agent.
6. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , comprising:
about 0.1 to 5 wt. % of a polysaccharide thickener;
about 5 to 50 wt. % of the surfactant component comprising two or more of an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, and optionally a nonionic surfactant;
about 0.1 to 5 wt. % of the aliphatic alcohol-based component;
about 1 to 30 wt. % of a water-miscible organic solvent; and
at least about 50 wt. % water.
7. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol-based component comprises an ethoxylate of a linear C 12 -C 14 -aliphatic alcohol having an average of no more than about 4 ethylene oxide units.
8. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol-based component comprises a lauryl alcohol ethoxylate or a myristyl alcohol ethoxylate having an average of no more than about 5 ethylene oxide units.
9. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises an alkyl sulfate salt, an alkyl ether sulfate salt, an alkyl sulfonate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
10. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises octyl sulfate salt, decyl sulfate salt, lauryl sulfate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
11. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate comprises about 1 to 30 wt. % of anionic surfactant.
12. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises an alkyl polyglycoside nonionic surfactant.
13. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 12 , wherein the alkyl polyglycoside comprises an alkyl polyglucoside.
14. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 3 , wherein the water miscible organic solvent comprises diethylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol, glycerol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
15. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a biocide, a corrosion inhibitor, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
16. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 3 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener comprises agar, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gum arabic, gum guaicum, neem gum, pistacia lentiscus, gum chatti, caranna, galactomannan, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, guar gum, welan gum, rhamsam gum, locust bean gum, beta-glucan, cellulose, methylcellulose, chicle gum, kino gum, dammar gum, glucomannan, mastic gum, spruce gum, tara gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum, succinoglycan, acacia gum, cassia gum, diutan gum, fenugreek gum, ghatti gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, karaya gum, konjac gum, pectin, propylene glycol alginate, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
17. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 3 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener comprises xanthan gum, diutan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum, gellan gum, succinoglycan, guar gum, konjac gum, tara gum, methylcellulose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
18. The aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 5 , wherein the reducing agent comprises sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
19. An aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate comprising:
about 1-4 wt. % of a polysaccharide thickener comprising one or more of xanthan gum, welan gum, succinoglycan, and diutan gum;
about 5-15 wt. % of a C 8 -C 12 -alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant;
about 0-15 wt. % of a C 8 -C 10 -alkyl polyglycoside nonionic surfactant;
about 0.5-5 wt. % of an aliphatic alcohol-based component comprising at least two of capryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, and a lauryl alcohol ethoxylate having an average of about 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units;
about 10-20 wt. % propylene glycol and butyl carbitol; and
at least about 50 wt. % water;
wherein the composition contains no more than 0.01 wt. % fluorinated compounds.
20. A method of fighting a fire, the method comprising diluting the aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrate of claim 1 to form a diluted fire-fighting foam and applying the foam to the fire.