Cross-tied photovoltaic array
Strings of interconnected PV cells within a PV laminate or module are themselves connected by one or more cross-ties. These cross-tied strings can be oriented in a straight or serpentine fashion and spacings between adjacent strings may differ depending upon whether a cross-tie connection is present or not. The PV cells may be multi-diode PV cells having a shared substrate. PV cells connected by a cross-tie are connected in parallel and have a shared voltage potential.
1. A photovoltaic (PV) laminate comprising:
a first serpentine string of PV cells, the first serpentine string of PV cells having first and second linear arrays of a plurality of PV cells aligned along sequential legs of the first serpentine string of PV cells, the first and second linear arrays of PV cells electrically connected in series with each other, each of the PV cells of the first serpentine string having a light receiving surface; and
a second serpentine string of PV cells, the second serpentine string of PV cells having third and fourth linear arrays of a plurality of PV cells aligned along sequential legs of the second serpentine string of PV cells, the third and fourth linear arrays of PV cells electrically connected in series with each other, each of the PV cells of the second serpentine string having a light receiving surface,
wherein one PV cell of the first linear array of the first serpentine string is paired to one PV cell of the third linear array of the second serpentine string with a cross-tie electrical connection, the cross-tie connection forming a parallel electrical connection between the paired PV cells.
2. The PV laminate of claim 1 further comprising:
power management circuitry electrically connected to the first serpentine string of PV cells and the second string of PV cells and wherein the first linear array, the second linear array, the third linear array, and the fourth linear array each lie along a straight line and wherein each comprise at least seven PV cells.
3. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein the first linear array of the first serpentine string and the third linear array of the second serpentine string are adjacent to each other.
4. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein the first linear array of the first serpentine string and the third linear array of the second string are parallel to each other.
5. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein each light receiving surface of the first serpentine string of PV cells and each light receiving surface of the second string of PV cells are positioned along a shared reference plane.
6. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein a plurality of PV cells of the first serpentine string are each paired to a different PV cell of the second string with a cross-tie electrical connection, the cross-tie connection forming a parallel electrical connection between the paired PV cells.
7. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein a separation distance between a PV cell of the first linear array of the first serpentine string of PV cells adjacent to a PV cell of the third linear array of the second string of PV cells is no more than one and one-half millimeter.
8. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein a first electrical connection between two PV cells of the first serpentine string and a second electrical connection between two PV cells of the second serpentine string have a cross-tie electrical interconnection between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection.
9. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein each of the PV cells of the first liner array of PV cells comprise a multi-diode PV cell formed on a single shared planar surface of a monolithic substrate and each of the PV cells of the second linear array of PV cells comprise a multi-diode PV cell formed on a single shared planar surface of a monolithic substrate.
10. The PV laminate of claim 1 wherein the first linear array, the second linear array, the third linear array and the fourth linear array each comprise four PV cells.
11. A photovoltaic (PV) module comprising:
a first string of PV cells, the first string having a plurality of sections, each section of the first string comprising two or more PV cells electrically connected in series with each other, each section of the first string electrically connected solely in series with another section of the first string, each of the PV cells of the first string having a light receiving surface;
a second string of PV cells, the second string having a plurality of sections, each section comprising two or more PV cells electrically connected in series with each other, each section of the section electrically connected solely in series with another section of the second string, each of the PV cells of the second string having a light receiving surface; and
electrical power circuitry electrically coupled to the first string of PV cells and the second string of PV cells,
wherein one PV cell of the first section of the first string is paired to one PV cell of the first section of the second string with a cross-tie electrical connection, the cross-tie electrical connection forming a parallel electrical connection between these two paired PV cells.
12. The PV module of claim 11 wherein the paired PV cells are adjacent to each other and wherein each section of the plurality of sections in the first string and the second string comprises seven PV cells.
13. The PV module of claim 11 wherein the first section of the first string of PV cells and the first section of the second string of PV cells are adjacent and parallel to each other.
14. The PV module of claim 11 wherein light receiving surfaces of the first string of PV cells and light receiving surfaces of the second string of PV cells are each positioned along a shared reference plane.
15. The PV module of claim 11 wherein a plurality of PV cells of the first string are each paired to a different PV cell of the second string with a cross-tie electrical connection, the cross-tie connection forming a parallel electrical connection between the paired PV cells.
16. The PV module of claim 11 wherein a separation distance between a PV cell of the first string adjacent to a PV cell of the second string is no more than one and one-half millimeters.
17. The PV module of claim 11 wherein a first electrical connection between two PV cells of the first string and a second electrical connections between two PV cells of the second string has a cross-tie electrical interconnection between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection.
18. The PV module of claim 11 wherein the sections of the first string of PV cells are electrically connected to each other solely in series and have a serpentine placement on the PV module and the sections of the second string of PV cells are electrically connected to each other solely in series and have a serpentine placement on the PV module.
19. The PV module of claim 11 wherein the first string of PV cells comprises a multi-diode PV cell, the multi-diode PV cell formed on a single planar surface of a monolithic silicon substrate.
20. A photovoltaic (PV) laminate comprising:
a first string of PV cells, the first string of PV cells having a plurality of multiple PV cell sections, each PV cell section being electrically connected in series with at least one other PV cell section of the first string of PV cells, the PV cell sections comprising two one-dimensional arrays, each of the PV cells of the first string having a light receiving surface; and
a second string of PV cells, the second string of PV cells having a plurality of multiple PV cell sections, each PV cell section being electrically connected in series with at least one other PV cell section of the second string of PV cells, the PV cell sections comprising two one dimensional array layout, each of the PV cells of the second string having a light receiving surface;
wherein at least one but no more than half of the PV cells of the first string are paired to a PV cell of the second string with a cross-tie electrical connection, the cross-tie connection forming a parallel electrical connection between the paired PV cells, and
wherein a separation distance between a PV cell of the first string adjacent to a PV cell of the second string is no more than one and one-half millimeters.