Oxygen-stable solid electroactive materials
A redox-active compound is disclosed that is the reaction product of an electron-withdrawing monomer, a cross-linker, and a redox-active moiety. The cross-linker may be connected to the redox-active moiety through the electron-withdrawing functional group. The redox-active compound has a reduced form and an oxidized form and neither the reduced form nor the oxidized form is decomposed by oxygen. The redox-active compound may be used to create a pH gradient in a fluid stream. A redox-active composition may include the redox-active compound, a binder, and a current collector. The redox-active composition may be part of a membraneless electrochemical cell.
1. A redox-active compound comprising a reaction product of:
a monomer which upon reacting provides an imidazolium, pyridinium, or pyrazolium as an electron-withdrawing group;
a cross-linker comprising divinylbenzene or polydivinylbenzene; and
a redox-active moiety comprising a quinone, a phenazine, a pyrazine, a quinoxaline, or a derivative thereof.
2. The redox-active compound of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is connected to the redox-active moiety through an electron-withdrawing group.
3. The redox-active compound of claim 1 , wherein the electron-withdrawing monomer comprises imidazolium.
4. The redox-active compound of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active compound has a reduced form and an oxidized form and neither the reduced form nor the oxidized form reacts with oxygen.
5. The redox-active compound of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active moiety comprises chloranil or a reaction product of chloranil.
6. The redox-active compound of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active compound is a polymer that comprises the electron-withdrawing group and the cross-linker at a weight ratio of 1 to 10 parts of electron-withdrawing group to every 1 part of cross-linker.
7. A redox-active composition comprising:
the redox-active compound of claim 1 ;
a binder; and
a current collector.