Chimeric virus-like particles and uses thereof as antigen-specific redirectors of immune responses

1. A virus-like particle (VLP), comprising in order from amino terminus to carboxy terminus:

a) a papilloma virus L1 protein,

b) at least one antigen conjugated to the L1 protein via a cysteine, lysine, or arginine residue of the L1 protein, wherein the at least one antigen comprises at least one T cell epitope, and

c) at least one peptide cleavage sequence,

wherein the T cell epitope is from a human pathogen heterologous to the papilloma virus of the VLP, and

wherein the at least one antigen is not a tumor-associated antigen.

2. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the L1 protein is a mouse papilloma virus L1 protein.

3. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the L1 protein is a full length L1 protein.

4. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the L1 protein comprises at least one truncation on the amino terminus or the carboxy terminus or both the amino terminus and the carboxy terminus.

5. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the antigen comprises a CD8+ or CD4+ T cell epitope, and wherein when the antigen is present inside a human subject and released from the VLP by proteolytic cleavage the antigen stimulates CD8+ or CD4+ T cells within the human subject.

6. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the L1 protein is a chimeric L1 protein with a peptide sequence from at least two different strains of papilloma virus.

7. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the at least one antigen binds to a major histocompatibility class I molecule.

8. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the at least one antigen binds to a major histocompatibility class II molecule.

9. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the at least one peptide cleavage sequence is:

i) selected from a furin cleavage sequence, a matrix metalloprotease cleavage sequence, and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) cleavage sequence, or

ii) is one or more of SEQ ID NO:209 to 213.

10. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the at least one T cell epitope comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 204.

11. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the at least one antigen is:

A) from at least one vaccine for inoculating children against one or more childhood diseases,

B) a viral antigenic peptide,

C) a bacterial antigenic peptide,

D) a parasitic antigenic peptide, or

E) a fungus antigenic peptide.

12. The VLP of claim 11 , wherein:

a) the at least one antigen is at least a viral antigen, and wherein the viral antigen is from one or more of: vaccinia, Varicella zoster, coronavirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Herpes zoster, rubella, hepatitis, influenza, measles, mumps, poliovirus, variola, rabies, dengue, Ebola, West Nile, yellow fever, and zika,

b) the at least one antigen is at least a bacterial antigenic peptide, and wherein the bacterial antigen is from one or more of: Bordetella pertussis, Clostridium tetani, Chlamydia trachomatis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Hemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus, Vibrio cholera, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Legionella pneumophila, Rickettsia, Treponema pallidum pallidum, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum , and Yersinia , or

c) the at least one antigen is at least a parasitic antigenic peptide, and wherein the parasitic antigen is from one or more of: Entamoeba histolytica, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella, Trichomonas, Trypanosoma , and Plasmodium.

13. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the L1 protein is from Bovine papilloma virus (BPV), Human papilloma virus (HPV), Rabbit papilloma virus (RPV), or Mouse papilloma virus (MPV).

14. The VLP of claim 1 , wherein the L1 protein sequence comprises SEQ ID NO:221 or SEQ ID NO:222.