Base connections and structures including the base connections, kits for forming and methods of repairing the same
Embodiments are directed to base connections, structures including base connections, kits for forming the base connections and/or structures, and method of repairing yielded base connections. In an embodiment, a base connection includes a base plate including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The top surface is configured to be adjacent to a terminal end of a column and the bottom surface adjacent to a foundation. The connection also includes one or more anchor rods attached to the base plate. The anchor rods are configured to secure the base plate to the foundation. The connection includes at least one structural fuse configured to be attached to the column and attached to the base plate. The fuse includes a plate with at least one cutout formed therein. The cutout is configured to form one or more yield regions that are configured to preferentially yield.
1. A base connection, comprising:
a base plate including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, the top surface configured to be adjacent to a terminal end of a column and the bottom surface configured to be adjacent to a foundation;
one or more anchor rods attached to the base plate, the one or more anchor rods configured to secure the base plate to the foundation;
at least one structural fuse configured to be attached to the column and attached to the base plate, the at least one structural fuse including a plate with at least one cutout formed therein, the at least one cutout configured to form one or more yield regions extending therefrom that are configured to preferentially yield relative to other regions of the plate; and
at least one flange plate directly attached or integrally formed with the base plate, the at least one flange plate is distinct and separate from the at least one structural fuse, the at least one flange plate attachable to and detachable from the at least one structural fuse, wherein the at least one flange plate is oriented perpendicularly relative to the top surface of the base plate.
2. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one structural fuse includes two structural fuses, each of the two structural fuses secured to one of two flanges of the column.
3. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the plate of the at least one structural fuse exhibits a thickness of about 0.5 cm to about 8 cm.
4. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more yield regions extend from the at least one cutout in a first direction.
5. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cutout includes a plurality of cutouts separated by a spacing of about 5 cm to about 15 cm.
6. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cutout exhibits a maximum length and a width measured perpendicular to the maximum length that is less than the length, the width is about 2.5 cm to about 25 cm.
7. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one structural fuse are bolted to the column.
8. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one structural fuse is welded to the column.
9. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one structural fuse directly contacts the column.
10. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one flange plate at least partially defines at least one opening, the opening providing access to at least one region of the at least one structural fuse, wherein the at least one flange plate completely encloses the opening or exhibits a U-like shape.
11. The base connection of claim 10 , wherein:
the at least one structural fuse is configured to be bolted to the column; and
the at least one opening provides access to portions of the at least one structural fuse that are bolted to the column.
12. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the base connection is a fully-restrained connection.
13. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the one or more anchor rods include a first end; and wherein a portion of the one or more anchor rods extending from the first end is disposed in and surrounded by the foundation.
14. The base connection of claim 1 , wherein the at least one structural fuse includes at least one first connection region and at least one second connection region that is distinct and separate from the at least one first connection region, the at least one first connection region configured to be connected to the column and the at least one second connection region configured to be connected to the at least one flange plate.
15. The base connection of claim 14 , wherein the at least one flange plate at least partially defines at least one opening, the opening providing access to the at least one first connection region, wherein the at least one flange plate completely encloses the opening or exhibits a U-like shape.
16. A method of repairing a yielded structural fuse, the method comprising:
detaching the yielded structural fuse from a column and a base plate, the base connection including:
the base plate including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface, the top surface adjacent to a terminal end of the column and the bottom surface adjacent to a foundation;
one or more anchor rods attached to the base plate, the one or more anchor rods securing the base plate to the foundation; and
at least one structural fuse including a plate with at least one cutout formed therein, the at least one cutout configured to form one or more yield regions extend therefrom that are configured to preferentially yield relative to other regions of the plate, the at least one structural fuse including the yielded structural fuse; and
attaching a new structural fuse to the column and the base plate, the new structural fuse including a new plate with at least one new cutout formed therein, the at least one new cutout configured to form one or more new yield regions extending therefrom that are configured to preferentially yield relative to other regions of the plate wherein the base connection further includes at least one flange plate integrally formed with or configured to be attached to the base plate, the at least one flange plate is oriented perpendicularly relative to the tope surface of the base plate, the at least one flange plate configured to be attached to the at least one structural fuse, wherein detaching the yielded structural fuse from the base connection include detaching the yielded structural fuse from the at least one flange plate and attaching the new structural fuse to the column and the base plate includes attaching the new structural fuse to the at least one flange plate.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
detaching the yielded structural fuse from the base connection includes unbolting the yielded structural fuse from the column; and
attaching the new structural fuse to the column and the base plate including bolting the new structural fuse to the column.