Compensation for missing readings from a glucose monitor in an automated insulin delivery system
Exemplary embodiments may address the problem of missing blood glucose concentration readings from a glucose monitor that transmits blood glucose concentration readings over a wireless connection due to problems with the wireless connection. In the exemplary embodiments, an automated insulin delivery (AID) device uses an estimate in place of a missing blood glucose concentration reading in determining a predicted future blood glucose concentration reading for a user. Thus, the AID device is able to operate normally in generating insulin delivery settings despite not receiving a current blood glucose concentration reading for a current cycle. There is no need to suspend delivery of insulin to the user due to the missing blood glucose concentration reading.
1. An electronic device, comprising:
a wireless interface with a glucose sensor for providing glucose level readings of a user;
a storage medium storing programming instructions; and
a processor for executing the programming instructions in the storage medium to:
where a current glucose level reading for the user is successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor for a current control cycle, set insulin delivery settings for delivery of the insulin to the user from an automated insulin delivery (AID) device for the current control cycle based on predicted future glucose level readings for the user, wherein the predicted future glucose level readings are based on, at least in part, glucose level readings from the glucose sensor from previous control cycles; and
where the current glucose level reading for the user is not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor for the current control cycle, estimate the glucose level reading that was not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor, and set the insulin delivery settings for delivery of the insulin to the user from the AID device for the current control cycle based on the predicted future glucose level readings for the user, wherein the predicted future glucose level readings are based on the glucose level readings from the glucose sensor from previous control cycles and the estimate of the current glucose level reading that was not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor.
2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the estimate of the current glucose level reading is one of the predicted future glucose level readings.
3. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the estimate of the current glucose level reading is determined by applying interpolation of glucose level readings from the glucose sensor from previous control cycles.
4. The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the estimate of the of the current glucose level reading is determined by summing a most recent received glucose level reading with an average change between most recent ones of the glucose level readings.
5. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the estimate of the current glucose level reading is a most recently received glucose level reading.
6. A method performed by a processor, comprising:
where a current glucose level reading for a user is successfully received by an automated insulin delivery (AID) device over a wireless interface from the glucose sensor for a current control cycle, setting insulin delivery settings for delivery of the insulin by the AID device to the user of the AID device for the current control cycle based on predicted future glucose levels for the user, wherein the predicted future glucose levels are based, at least in part, on glucose level readings from the glucose sensor for previous control cycles; and
where the glucose level reading for the user is not successfully received by the AID device over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor for the current control cycle, estimating the current glucose level reading that was not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor, and setting the insulin delivery settings for delivery of the insulin to the user for the current control cycle based on the predicted future glucose levels for the user, wherein the predicted future glucose levels are based on the glucose level readings from the glucose sensor from previous control cycles and the estimate of the current glucose level reading that was not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the estimate of the current glucose level reading is one of the predicted future glucose levels.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the estimate of the current glucose level reading is determined by applying interpolation of glucose level readings from the glucose sensor for previous control cycles.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the estimate of the of the current glucose level reading is determined by summing a most recently received glucose level reading with an average change between most recent ones of the glucose level readings received from the glucose sensor.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the estimate of the of the current glucose level reading is determined by summing a most recently received glucose level reading with an average change between two most recent ones of the glucose level readings received from the glucose sensor.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the estimate of the current blood glucose level reading is a most recently received glucose level reading.
12. A method performed by an automated insulin delivery (AID) device, comprising:
receiving glucose level readings for a user from a glucose sensor over a wireless interface at the AID device for control cycles;
where, for a given control cycle, a glucose level reading for the user is not received at the AID device from the glucose sensor over the wireless interface, determining an estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for the given control cycle;
using the received blood glucose level readings and the determined estimate for the given control cycle to predict a future glucose level reading;
setting insulin delivery settings of the AID device based on the predicted future glucose level for the user; and
when communication over the wireless interface with the glucose sensor is reestablished, replacing the estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for the given control cycle with a glucose level reading for the user from the glucose monitor for the given cycle in determining an estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for a next control cycle.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the determining the estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for the given control cycle comprises determining a trend of glucose level values from the received glucose level readings and using the trend to determine the estimate.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the using the trend of glucose level values comprises performing extrapolation based on the trend to obtain the estimate or performing interpolation based on the trend to obtain the estimate.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising using the using the glucose level reading for the given cycle in setting the insulin delivery settings of the AID device.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to:
receive glucose level readings for a user from a glucose sensor over a wireless interface at the AID device for control cycles, wherein during normal operation a glucose level reading is received for each of the control cycles;
where, for a given control cycle, a glucose level reading for the user is not received at the AID device from the glucose sensor over the wireless interface, determine an estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for the given control cycle;
use the received glucose level readings and the determined estimate for the given control cycle to predict a future glucose level reading;
set insulin delivery settings of the AID device based on the predicted future glucose level for the user; and
when communication over the wireless interface with the glucose sensor is reestablished, replace the estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for the given control cycle with a glucose level reading for the user from the glucose monitor for the given cycle in determining an estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for a next control cycle.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the determining an estimate of the glucose level reading for the user for the given control cycle comprises determining a trend of glucose level values from the received glucose level readings and using the trend to determine the estimate.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the using the trend comprises performing extrapolation based on the trend to obtain the estimate or performing interpolation based on the trend to obtain the estimate.
19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to:
where a current glucose level reading for a user is successfully received by an automated insulin delivery (AID) device over a wireless interface from the glucose sensor for a current control cycle, set insulin delivery settings for delivery of the insulin by the AID device to the user for the current control cycle based on predicted future glucose levels for the user, wherein the predicted future glucose levels are based, at least in part, on glucose level readings from the glucose sensor for previous control cycles; and
where the glucose level reading for the user is not successfully received by the AID device over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor for the current control cycle, estimate the current glucose level reading that was not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor, and set the insulin delivery settings for delivery of the insulin to the user for the current control cycle based on the predicted future glucose levels for the user, wherein the predicted future glucose levels are based on the glucose level readings from the glucose sensor from previous control cycles and an estimate of the current glucose level reading that was not successfully received over the wireless interface from the glucose sensor.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19 , wherein the estimate of the current glucose level reading is one of the predicted future glucose levels for the current control cycle or determined by applying interpolation of blood glucose level readings from the glucose sensor from previous control cycles.