Low power beacon scheduling
The technology relates to a wireless system that can be used indoors or outdoors, and is configured to reduce interference of beacon signals on channels used by the system. Aspects of the technology provide for evaluation of channel activity to determine an optimal transmission channel. This is beneficial where there is a high density of tags that may be configured for data transmission. Tags may include an antenna to receive signals; a set of first conditioning elements to attenuate received signals corresponding with system channels; a set of converters and a set of second conditioning elements to prepare attenuated signals for analysis; a comparator to determine which attenuated signal corresponds to a channel having the lowest power level; and a processor to transmit a beacon signal to a reader apparatus on the channel with the lowest power level.
1 . A tracking apparatus, comprising:
an antenna configured to receive radiofrequency signals from a surrounding environment;
a set of first signal conditioning elements coupled to the antenna, the set of first signal conditioning elements each being associated with a different channel and being configured to attenuate frequencies of the received radiofrequency signals outside a selected frequency range for a corresponding channel;
a set of converters each having an input operatively coupled to a corresponding one of the set of first signal conditioning elements, the set of converters each configured to convert attenuated radiofrequency signals from each corresponding first signal conditioning element into a voltage;
a set of second signal conditioning elements each operatively coupled to an output of a corresponding one of the set of converters, each second signal conditioning element being configured to output a voltage value of each converted radiofrequency signal;
a comparator operatively coupled to each of the set of second signal conditioning elements, the comparator being configured to compare the voltage value of each converted radiofrequency signal to identify whether there is one channel having a lowest power level among the different channels; and
one or more processors operatively coupled to the comparator, the one or more processors being configured to cause a beacon signal to be transmitted to a reader apparatus via the channel having the lowest power level.
2 . The tracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the comparator is configured to determine whether a power level of one or more of the channels is above or below a threshold value.
3 . The tracking apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to delay transmission of the beacon signal to the reader apparatus when the power level for each channel is above the threshold value.
4 . The tracking apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to delay transmission of the beacon signal to the reader apparatus when the power level for each channel is above the threshold value for a predetermined period of time.
5 . The tracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the voltage value of each converted radiofrequency signal is an average voltage value.
6 . The tracking apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a transmitter module operatively coupled to the one or more processors and configured to prepare one or more data packets based on information from the one or more processors for transmission; and
a multiplexer operatively coupled to the transmitter module and the antenna configured to separate receive operations and transmit operations;
wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the beacon signal to be sent to the reader apparatus via the channel having the lowest power level from the antenna.
7 . The tracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the antenna is a first antenna configured to only receive radiofrequency signals from the surrounding environment, and
the tracking apparatus further includes:
a transmitter module operatively coupled to the one or more processors and configured to prepare one or more data packets of information from the one or more processors for transmission; and
a second antenna operatively coupled to the one or more processors and the transmitter module, the second antenna being configured to transmit the beacon signal to the reader apparatus.
8 . The tracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the set of first signal conditioning elements are a primary first signal conditioning element, a secondary first signal conditioning element, and a tertiary first signal conditioning element, each first signal conditioning element being configured to attenuate frequencies outside a range of frequencies different from the other first signal conditioning elements;
the set of converters are a primary converter, a secondary converter, and a tertiary converter; and
the set of second signal conditioning elements are a primary second signal conditioning element, a secondary second signal conditioning element, and a tertiary second signal conditioning element.
9 . The tracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the set of converters is a set of energy harvesters configured to harvest energy from each filtered radiofrequency signal, and
the comparator and the one or more processors are configured to be powered by energy harvested by the set of energy harvesters.
10 . A method of channel selection within a tracking system comprising:
receiving radiofrequency signals, at an antenna, from a surrounding environment;
attenuating the radiofrequency signals at a set of first signal conditioning elements coupled to the antenna, the set of first signal conditioning elements being associated with a different channel and being configured to attenuate electromagnetic fields at frequencies of the received radiofrequency signals outside a selected frequency range for a corresponding channel;
converting the attenuated radiofrequency signals at a set of converters each having an input operatively coupled to a corresponding one of the set of first signal conditioning elements, the set of converters each configured to convert attenuated radiofrequency signals from each corresponding first signal conditioning element into a voltage;
averaging the converted radiofrequency signals at a set of second signal conditioning elements each operatively coupled to an output of a corresponding one of the set of converters, each second signal conditioning element being configured to output a voltage value of each converted radiofrequency signal;
comparing, by a comparator operatively coupled to the set of second signal conditioning elements, the converted radiofrequency signals, the comparator being configured to compare the voltage value of each converted radiofrequency signal to identify whether there is one channel having a lowest power level among the different channels; and
selecting a channel, by one or more processors operatively coupled to the comparator, to cause a beacon signal to be transmitted to a reader apparatus via the channel having the lowest power level.
11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising: determining, by the comparator, whether a power level of one or more of the channels is above or below a threshold value.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising: delaying transmission of the beacon signal to the reader apparatus when the power level of each channel is above the threshold value.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein delaying the transmission of the beacon signal to the reader apparatus when the power level for each channel is above the threshold value occurs for a predetermined period of time.
14 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
repeating the steps of claim 11 when the power level of each channel is above the threshold value; and
upon a determination that at least one power level of at least one channel is below the threshold value, causing the beacon signal to be transmitted to the reader apparatus on the at least one channel.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the steps of claim 11 are repeated a maximum number of times during a timestep when the power level of each channel is above the threshold value.
16 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
sending one or more data packets of information from the one or more processors to a transmitter module;
preparing, at the transmitter module, the one or more data packets of information for transmission;
separating, at a multiplexer, the one or more data packets of information for transmission and incoming signals; and
transmitting, by the antenna, the beacon signal containing the one or more data packets of information to the reader apparatus.
17 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
sending one or more data packets of information from the one or more processors to a transmitter module;
preparing, at the transmitter module, the one or more data packets of information for transmission; and
transmitting, by a second antenna, the beacon signal containing the one or more data packets of information to the reader apparatus.
18 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the set of converters is a set of energy harvesters configured to harvest energy from each attenuated radiofrequency signal.
19 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
harvesting energy, at the set of energy harvesters; and
powering at least one of the comparator or the one or more processors with the energy harvested at the set of energy harvesters.
20 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the voltage value of each converted radiofrequency signal is an average voltage value.