Disaggregation driving sequences for four particle electrophoretic displays
The present invention provides improved driving methods for four particle electrophoretic displays that improves the performance of such displays when they are deployed in low temperature environments and the displays are required to be updated when positioned vertically (i.e., the driving electric fields are substantially perpendicular to the direction of Earth's gravity). Methods are provided for displaying each of the colors at each pixel, as desired, with minimal interference (contamination) from the other particles.
1. A method of driving a display layer disposed between a viewing surface including a light-transmissive electrode and a second surface on the opposed side of the display layer from the viewing surface, the second surface including a driving electrode, the display layer including an electrophoretic medium comprising a fluid and first, second, third and fourth types of particles dispersed in the fluid,
wherein the first, second, third and fourth types of particles have respectively first, second, third, and fourth optical characteristics differing from one another, the first and third types of particles having charges of a first polarity and the second and fourth types of particles having charges of a second polarity, opposite the first polarity, and the first and third types of particles do not have the same charge magnitudes, and the second and fourth types of particles do not have the same charge magnitudes, the method comprising the following steps in order:
(i) applying a first electric field having a high magnitude and the first or second polarity to drive the first or second types of particles towards the viewing surface, thereby causing the display layer to display the first or second optical characteristic at the viewing surface;
(ii) applying a second electric field having the high magnitude and a negative polarity;
(iii) applying a shaking pulse including at least four periods of the high magnitude electric field at the first polarity and at least four periods of the high magnitude electric field at the second polarity;
(iv) applying a third electric field having the high magnitude and the same polarity as step (i) to again drive the first or second types of particles towards the viewing surface, thereby causing the display layer to again display the first or second optical characteristic at the viewing surface;
(v) applying a fourth electric field having a low magnitude and a polarity opposite to step (iv) to drive the fourth or third types of particles towards the viewing surface, thereby causing the display layer to display the fourth or third optical characteristic at the viewing surface,
wherein a rest period of no electric field is performed after step (iii), and steps (i)-(iii) are repeated a second time before completing steps (iv) and (v).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electric field is applied for a longer time than the second electric field, and the third electric field is applied for a longer time than the second electric field.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of steps (i)-(v) are repeated.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnitude of the fourth electric field is less than 50 per cent of the magnitude of the third electric field.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein only the fourth or the third optical characteristic is displayed after completion of step (v).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electric field is applied for more than 400 ms.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second electric field is applied for more than 100 ms.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each period of the shaking pulse is applied for less than 80 ms.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein each period of the shaking pulse is applied for about 40 ms.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein each electric field is applied in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of Earth's gravity.