Selective formation of jet and diesel fuels from bio-based C3-C8 olefins via oligomerization with tungstated catalysts
Disclosed is a process for converting lower linear and branched mono-olefins, derived from C 2 -C 5 bio-based alcohols to higher hydrocarbons, to one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons. Certain embodiments provide a process for oligomerization of branched and/or linear C 3 -C 8 olefins to renewable diesel fuel and/or jet fuel in overall yields of at least 70% in the presence of tungstated γ-alumina or tungstated silica catalysts admixed with ZSM-5 type zeolites.
1. A process for oligomerizing one or more C 3 -C 8 linear or branched olefins derived from one or more C 2 -C 5 alcohols to one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons, the process comprising:
contacting a feed stream with a catalyst at a temperature from about 100° C. to about 400° C., a pressure from about 200 psig to about 600 psig, and a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of at least 0.5, the feed stream comprising the one or more C 3 -C 8 linear or branched olefins, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungstated alumina catalyst or a tungstated silica catalyst, each admixed with a zeolite catalyst; and
forming the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons, wherein a mass yield of the C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons is at least 70%.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
separating the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons to produce a renewable jet fuel or a renewable diesel fuel.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the separating the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons includes distilling the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons to produce the renewable jet fuel or the renewable diesel fuel.
4. The process of claim 2 , further comprising:
blending the renewable jet fuel or the renewable diesel fuel.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the blending the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons includes blending an aromatic compound or a fossil-fuel derived compound with the renewable jet fuel or the renewable diesel fuel.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the one or more C 3 -C 8 linear or branched olefins is one or more C 3 -C 6 linear or branched olefins.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more C 3 -C 8 linear or branched olefins is one or more C 3 -C 5 linear or branched olefins.
8. The process of any claim 1 , wherein the one or more C 3 -C 8 linear or branched olefins is C 4 linear or branched olefins.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons are one or more C 8 -C 20 hydrocarbons.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons are one or more C 8 -C 16 hydrocarbons.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the tungstate is present in an amount of about 5 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of the total weight of the catalyst.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alumina catalyst is γ-alumina.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite catalyst is ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is regenerated via air.
15. A process for oligomerizing one or more C 3 -C 6 linear or branched olefins derived from one or more C 2 -C 5 alcohols to one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons, the process comprising:
contacting a feed stream with a catalyst at a temperature from about 240° C. to about 360° C., a pressure from about 450 psig to about 500 psig, and a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) from about 1.95 to about 4, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungstated alumina catalyst or a tungstated silica catalyst, each admixed with a zeolite catalyst, the feed stream comprising the one or more C 3 -C 6 linear or branched olefins, wherein the tungstate is present in an amount of about 15 wt. % of the total weight of the catalyst; and
forming the one or more C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons, wherein a mass yield of the C 8 -C 24 hydrocarbons is at least 75%.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the feed stream further comprises water.