Power conversion phases and coupling inductance
An apparatus such as a power converter includes a first flying capacitor operative to store a first flying capacitor voltage; a second flying capacitor operative to store a second flying capacitor voltage; an inductor providing coupling between the first flying capacitor and the second flying capacitor; and a network of switches operative to, in accordance with control signals, produce an output voltage via the first flying capacitor voltage and the second flying capacitor voltage.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first flying capacitor operative to store a first flying capacitor voltage;
a second flying capacitor operative to store a second flying capacitor voltage;
a first inductor providing coupling between the first flying capacitor and the second flying capacitor;
a network of switches operative to produce an output voltage via the first flying capacitor voltage and the second flying capacitor voltage;
a controller operative to control the network of switches to substantially equalize an average magnitude of the first flying capacitor voltage and an average magnitude of the second flying capacitor voltage;
wherein the network of switches includes a first switch and a second switch, a first node connecting the first switch and the second switch in series;
wherein the first inductor is directly coupled to the first node; and
wherein the controller is further operative to simultaneously activate the first switch and the second switch to convert an input voltage into the output voltage.
2. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the first inductor is operative to convey energy between the first flying capacitor and the second flying capacitor.
3. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the network of switches is operative to, based on input from the controller, control conveyance of energy received from an input voltage to the first flying capacitor and the second flying capacitor;
wherein the average magnitude of the first flying capacitor voltage is substantially equal to a magnitude of the input voltage divided by 2; and
wherein the average magnitude of the second flying capacitor voltage is substantially equal to a magnitude of the input voltage divided by 2.
4. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein a first terminal of the first inductor is directly connected to a terminal of the first flying capacitor; and
wherein a second terminal of the first inductor is directly connected to a terminal of the second flying capacitor.
5. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the controller is operative to control operation of the network of switches in a mode in which: the first flying capacitor is charged, the second flying capacitor is discharged, and a magnitude of current through the first inductor varies over time.
6. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the controller is further operative to control operation of the network of switches in a mode in which: the first flying capacitor is neither charged nor discharged and the second flying capacitor is neither charged nor discharged, and a magnitude of current through the first inductor is constant.
7. The apparatus as in claim 1 ,
wherein the network of switches includes a first sequence of switches connected in series and a second sequence of switches connected in series;
wherein the first sequence of switches includes the first switch, the second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch;
wherein the second sequence of switches includes a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, and an eighth switch;
the apparatus further comprising:
a second node connecting the fifth switch and the sixth switch, the first inductor connected between the first node and the second node;
a third node connecting the second switch and the third switch;
a fourth node connecting the sixth switch and the seventh switch, the third node connected to the fourth node via an electrically conductive path; and
a second inductor connected to the electrically conductive path, the second inductor operative to output the output voltage.
8. The apparatus as in claim 1 ,
wherein the network of switches includes a first sequence of switches connected in series and a second sequence of switches connected in series;
wherein the first sequence of switches includes the first switch, the second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch;
wherein the second sequence of switches includes a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, and an eighth switch;
the apparatus further comprising:
a second node connecting the fifth switch and the sixth switch, the first inductor connected between the first node and the second node;
a third node connecting the second switch and the third switch;
a fourth node connecting the sixth switch and the seventh switch, the third node connected to the fourth node via an electrically conductive path; and
a second inductor connected to the electrically conductive path, the second inductor operative to produce the output voltage.
9. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein a first terminal of the first switch is coupled to a reference voltage, wherein a first terminal of the second switch is coupled to the reference voltage; and
wherein the first inductor is directly coupled between a second terminal of the first switch and a second terminal of the second switch.
10. The apparatus as in claim 9 , wherein the reference voltage is an input voltage supplied by an input voltage source, the input voltage converted into the output voltage.
11. The apparatus as in claim 9 , wherein the reference voltage is a ground reference.
12. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the control of the network of switches is operative to control a flow of current through the first inductor.
13. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the network of switches is configured to receive an input voltage converted into the output voltage;
wherein control of the network of switches is operative to maintain the average magnitude of the first flying capacitor voltage to be substantially equal to half a magnitude of the input voltage; and
wherein control of the network of switches is operative to maintain the average magnitude of the second flying capacitor voltage to be substantially equal to half the magnitude of the input voltage.
14. An apparatus comprising:
a first flying capacitor operative to store a first flying capacitor voltage;
a second flying capacitor operative to store a second flying capacitor voltage:
a first inductor providing coupling between the first flying capacitor and the second flying capacitor:
a network of switches operative to produce an output voltage via the first flying capacitor voltage and the second flying capacitor voltage; and
a controller operative to control the network of switches to substantially equalize an average magnitude of the first flying capacitor voltage and an average magnitude of the second flying capacitor voltage;
wherein the network of switches includes a first circuit path and a second circuit path connected in series through a first circuit node;
wherein the first circuit path includes a first switch and a second switch, a second circuit node operative to connect the first switch and the second switch in series;
wherein the second circuit path includes a third switch and a fourth switch, a third circuit node operative to connect the third switch and the fourth switch in series; and
wherein the controller is operative to, in a first portion of a control cycle, simultaneously activate the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch to ON states.
15. The apparatus as in claim 14 , wherein the controller is further operative to:
in a second portion of the control cycle: i) activate the first switch and the fourth switch to ON states; and ii) deactivate the second switch and the third switch to OFF states.
16. The apparatus as in claim 15 , wherein the controller is operative to:
in a third portion of the control cycle: i) deactivate the first switch and the fourth switch to OFF states; and ii) activate the second switch and the third switch to ON states.
17. The apparatus as in claim 16 further comprising:
a second inductor operative to convey current received from the first circuit node to produce the output voltage;
wherein a first node of the first inductor is directly connected to the second circuit node coupling the first switch and the second switch in series; and
wherein a second node of the first inductor is directly connected to the third circuit node coupling the third switch and the fourth switch in series.
18. An apparatus comprising:
a first flying capacitor operative to store a first flying capacitor voltage;
a second flying capacitor operative to store a second flying capacitor voltage;
a first inductor providing coupling between the first flying capacitor and the second flying capacitor;
a network of switches operative to produce an output voltage via the first flying capacitor voltage and the second flying capacitor voltage;
a controller operative to control the network of switches to substantially equalize an average magnitude of the first flying capacitor voltage and an average magnitude of the second flying capacitor voltage;
wherein the network of switches includes: i) a first sequence of switches including a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch, connected in series, and ii) a second sequence of switches including a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, and an eighth switch, connected in series;
wherein a first node of the first inductor is directly connected to a first circuit node coupling the third switch and the fourth switch in series; and
wherein a second node of the first inductor is directly connected to a second circuit node coupling the seventh switch and the eighth switch in series.
19. The apparatus as in claim 18 , wherein the controller is operative to simultaneously control the third switch, the fourth switch, the seventh switch, and the eighth switch, to an ON state during a portion of the control cycle to convert an input voltage into the output voltage.
20. The apparatus as in claim 19 , wherein the first switch and the fifth switch are operative to receive the input voltage from an input voltage source.