IP Library Granted Patent US 50,806
Granted Patent E1
US 50,806 · App. 17/735,474 · Granted Feb 24, 2026

Detecting breast cancer

Inventors: David A. Ahlquist (Rochester, MN); William R. Taylor (Lake City, MN); Douglas W. Mahoney (Elgin, MN); Tracy C. Yab (Rochester, MN); John B. Kisiel (Rochester, MN); Hatim T. Allawi (Middleton, WI); Graham P. Lidgard (Middleton, WI); Michael W. Kaiser (Stoughton, WI)
Assignees: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; Exact Sciences Corporation
C12Q1/6886C12Q1/6806C12Q1/6809C12Q1/6811C12Q1/682C12Q1/6827C12Q1/6837C12Q1/6853G16H50/30C12Q2537/143C12Q2600/106C12Q2600/112C12Q2600/118C12Q2600/154C12Q2600/156C12Q2600/158C12Q2600/16
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 50,806
App. No.
17/735,474
Granted
Feb 24, 2026
Kind
E1
Abstract

Provided herein is technology for breast cancer screening and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, compositions, and related uses for detecting the presence of breast cancer.

Claims (20)

1 . A method, comprising:

measuring a methylation level for four genes in a biological sample of a human individual through

treating genomic DNA in the biological sample with a reagent that modifies DNA in a methylation-specific manner;

amplifying the treated genomic DNA using a specific set of primers for each of the four genes; and

determining the methylation level of the four genes by polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, methylation-specific nuclease, mass-based separation, and or target capture;

wherein the four genes are ITPRIPL1, FAM59B, TRH_A and c17orf64_B.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA is treated with a reagent that modifies DNA in a methylation-specific manner.

3 . The method of claim 2 1 , wherein the reagent comprises one or more of a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, a methylation-dependent restriction enzyme, and a bisulfite reagent.

4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the DNA is treated with a the bisulfite reagent to produce bisulfite-treated DNA.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring comprises multiplex amplification.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the amount of at least one methylated marker gene determining the methylation level of the four genes comprises using one or more methods selected from the group consisting of methylation-specific PCR, quantitative methylation-specific PCR, methylation-specific DNA restriction enzyme analysis, quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing, flap endonuclease assay, PCR-flap assay, and bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR.

7 . The method of claim 1 ,

wherein the specific set of primers for each of the selected four genes is selected from the group consisting of:

for TRH_A a set of primers consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 245 and 246, and SEQ ID NOS 447 and 448,

for ITPRIPL1 a set of primers selected from the group consisting of from SEQ ID NOS: 97 and 98, SEQ ID NOS: 99 and 100, SEQ ID NOS: 309 and 310, and SEQ ID NOS: 425 and 426,

for C17orf64_B a set of primers selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 269 25 and 270 26, and SEQ ID NOS: 449 and 450, and

for FAM59_B a set of primers consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 427 and 428.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample comprises tissue.

9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the tissue is breast tissue.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is blood, serum, or plasma.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 16, 2022
From: ALLAWI, HATIM T.; LIDGARD, GRAHAM P.; KAISER, MICHAEL W.
To: EXACT SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LLC
Reel/Frame 060824/0081 →
MERGER Recorded Aug 16, 2022
From: EXACT SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, LLC
To: EXACT SCIENCES CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 060824/0117 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 16, 2022
From: AHLQUIST, DAVID A.; TAYLOR, WILLIAM R.; MAHONEY, DOUGLAS W.; YAB, TRACY C.; KISIEL, JOHN B.
To: MAYO FOUNDATION FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
Reel/Frame 060824/0245 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 62592828 · Nov 30, 2017
Reissue 16202935 · Nov 28, 2018
References Cited (381)
US 5352775A · Albertsen · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5362623A · Vogelstein · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5527676A · Vogelstein · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5541308A · Hogan · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5648212A · Albertsen · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5670325A · Lapidus et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5691454A · Albertsen · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5741650A · Lapidus et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5783666A · Albertsen · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5786146A · Herman · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5891651A · Roche · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5928870A · Lapidus et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5952178A · Lapidus et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5955263A · Vogelstein · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6020137A · Lapidus et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US RE36713E · Vogelstein · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6090566A · Vogelstein · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6114124A · Albertsen · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6235470B1 · Sidransky · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6245515B1 · Vogelstein · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6413727B1 · Albertsen · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6630314B2 · Nair et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6677312B1 · Vogelstein · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6800617B1 · Vogelstein · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US RE38916E · Vogelstein · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7037650B2 · Gonzalgo et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7087583B2 · Vogelstein · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7267955B2 · Vogelstein · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7368233B2 · Shuber et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7432050B2 · Markowitz · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7485402B2 · Arai · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7485418B2 · Goggins · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7485420B2 · Markowitz · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 8114587B2 · Gite et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8361720B2 · Oldham-Haltom · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8808990B2 · Lidgard et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8969046B2 · Van Engeland et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8980107B2 · Domanico et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8993341B2 · Bruinsma et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8999176B2 · Domanico · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9000146B2 · Bruinsma et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9506116B2 · Ahlquist et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 10030272B2 · Ahlquist et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10184154B2 · Kisiel et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10370726B2 · Ahlquist et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10465248B2 · Allawi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 11479823B2 · Allawi et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20030143606A1 · Olek et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030186248A1 · Erlander et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030224040A1 · Baylin et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040234960A1 · Hogan · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20060253259A1 · Fernandez · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070054295A1 · Spivack · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070059753A1 · Vener et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080039413A1 · Morris et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080064029A1 · Lofton-Day et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080081333A1 · Mori et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080213870A1 · Cao et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090208505A1 · Samuels · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100167940A1 · Feinberg · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100317000A1 · Zhu · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110136687A1 · Olek et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110183328A1 · Taylor et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110287968A1 · Weinhausel et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110318738A1 · Jones et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120009597A1 · Lao-Sirieix et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120034605A1 · Hinoda et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120122088A1 · Zou · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120122106A1 · Zou · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120164110A1 · Feinberg et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120164238A1 · Joost · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130012410A1 · Zou et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130022974A1 · Chinnaiyan · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130065228A1 · Hinoue · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130244235A1 · Ahlquist et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130288247A1 · Mori et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140057262A1 · Ahlquist et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140137274A1 · Ishikawa · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140162894A1 · Hatchwell · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140193813A1 · Bruinsma · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140194607A1 · Bruinsma · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140194608A1 · Bruinsma · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140274748A1 · Ahlquist · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140358448A1 · Tai et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150126374A1 · Califano · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150240318A1 · Van Engeland et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150275314A1 · Ahlquist et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160010081A1 · Allawi et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160194723A1 · Louwagie · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170283886A1 · Clark et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170292163A1 · Salhia · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20190161805A1 · Ahlquist et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190161806A1 · Ahlquist et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20220071605A1 · Eisele et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220349009A1 · Taylor et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 102292458 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 104024427 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 107326065 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
EP 2391729 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0026401 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007116417 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008079269 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008084219 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009102788 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010086389 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010089538 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011119934 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011126768 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012031008A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012088298 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012106525 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012155072 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012175562 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013103889 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013026104 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013142545 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014159650 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014159652 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015066695 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015095689 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015153283 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015153284 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016041010 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016094813 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016094839 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016097120 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016207656 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016109782 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016160454 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017040627 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017075061 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017119510 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017180886 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017192221 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017201606 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017210372 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018017740 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018045322 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018140781 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018160576 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019068082A1 · 2019 [cited by examiner]
WO WO2019108626 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020089691 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020112869 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020118274 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020154665 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020206256 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020236939 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020264220 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021041726 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021076969 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021087275 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021212031 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021226071 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021226074 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022039904 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022040306 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022165247 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022187227 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022187695 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023081796 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Patent Application No. PCT/US2011/029959, mailed Dec. 28, 2011. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/019982, mailed Jul. 27, 2018. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Application No. PCT/US2016/023782, mailed Sep. 1, 2016. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/049915, mailed Jan. 18, 2018. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, Int'l Patent Application No. PCT/US2015/022749, mailed Aug. 19, 2015, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, Int'l Patent Application No. PCT/US2015/022751, mailed Aug. 26, 2015, 25 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, mailed Jun. 10, 2013 from related International Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/027227. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report & Written Opinion, International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/062809, mailed May 1, 2019, 36 pages. [cited by applicant]
Van Der Auwera, I. et al. “Array-Based DNA Methylation Profiling for Breast Cancer Subtype Discrimination” PLoS ONE, Sep. 2010, vol. 5, issue 9, e12616, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Lv et al. “Down-regulation of CXCL12 by hypermethylation induces cell proliferation, growth and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer” Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2016; 9(8): 8190-8198. [cited by applicant]
Bediaga Naiara G. et al: “Luminal B breast cancer subtype displays a dicotomic epigenetic pattern” Springerplus, vol. 5, No. 1, May 14, 2016, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Cornen Stephanie et al: “Candidate Luminal B Breast Cancer Genes Identified by Genome, Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Profiling” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 9, 2014, p. e81843. [cited by applicant]
Clare Stirzaker et al: “Methylome sequencing in triple-negative breast cancer reveals distinct methylation clusters with prognostic value” Nature Communications, vol. 6, No. 5899, Jan. 1, 2015, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bediaga Naiara G. et al: “DNA methylation epigenotypes in breast cancer molecular subtypes” Breast Cancer Research, Current Medicine Group Ltd, GB, vol. 12, No. 5, Sep. 29, 2010, p. R77, 12 total pages. [cited by applicant]
Matahi Moarii et al: “Integrative DNA methylation and gene expression analysis to assess the universality of the CpG island methylator phenotype” Human Genomics, Biomed Central Ltd, London, UK, vol. 9, No. 1, Oct. 13, 2… [cited by applicant]
Brooks et al., Promoter methylation and the detection of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. Nov. 2009;20(9):1539-50. [cited by applicant]
Mathe et al., DNA methylation profile of triple negative breast cancer-specific genes comparing lymph node positive patients to lymph node negative patients. Sci Rep. Sep. 27, 2016:6:33435. [cited by applicant]
Fleischer T., et al., “Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiles in Progression to in Situ and Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast with Impact on Gene Transcription and Prognosis,” Genome Biology, 2014, vol. 15, No. 435, 13 Pag… [cited by applicant]
Legendre C., et al., “Whole-genome Bisulfite Sequencing of Cell-free DNA Identifies Signature Associated with Metastatic Breast Cancer,” Clinical Epigenetics, 2015, vol. 7, No. 100, pp. 1-10. [cited by applicant]
Wu H-C., et al., “DNA Methylation in Breast Tumor from High-risk Women in the Breast Cancer Family Registry”, Anticancer Research, vol. 37, 2017, pp. 659-664. [cited by applicant]
Zhang C., et al., “The Identification of Specific Methylation Patterns Across Different Cancer,” PLOS One, Mar. 16, 2015, vol. 10, No. 3, 16 Pages, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120361. [cited by applicant]
Abbaszadegan, “Stool-based DNA testing, a new noninvasive method for colorectal cancer screening, the first report from Iran,” World Journal of gastroenterology: WJG, vol. 13, p. 1528-1533, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist D et al. (2010) “Next Generation Stool DNA Testing for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia—Early Marker Evaluation”, presented at [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist D.A. et al., “Novel use of hypermethylated DNA markers in stool for detection of colorectal cancer: a feasibility study.” Gastroenterology, 2002;122(Suppl):A40. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist D.A., et al., “Colorectal cancer screening by detection of altered human DNA in stool: feasibility of a multitarget assay panel.” Gastroenterology, 2000, 119(5):1219-27. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., “Next-generation stool DNA test accurately detects colorectal cancer and large adenomas.” Gastroenterology (2012), 142, pp. 248-256. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., 1984, “HemoQuant, a new quantitative assay for fecal hemoglobin. Comparison with Hemoccult.” Ann Intern Med, 101: 297-302. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., 1985, “Fecal blood levels in health and disease. A study using HemoQuant.” N Engl J Med, 312: 1422-8. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., 1989, “Patterns of occult bleeding in asymptomatic colorectal cancer.” Cancer, 63: 1826-30. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., 1993, “Accuracy of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal neoplasia. A prospective study using Hemoccult and HemoQuant tests.” JAMA, 269: 1262-7. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., 2000, “Colorectal cancer screening by detection of altered human DNA in stool: feasibility of a multitarget assay panel.” Gastroenterology, 119: 1219-27. [cited by applicant]
Ahlquist et al., 2008, “Stool DNA and occult blood testing for screen detection of colorectal neoplasia.” Ann Intern Med, 149: 441-501. [cited by applicant]
Allison et al., 2007, “Screening for colorectal neoplasms with new fecal occult blood tests: update on performance characteristics.” J Natl Cancer Inst, 99: 1462-70. [cited by applicant]
Anderson et al. Am. J. of Gastroenterology, Abstracts S1033, Oct. 2015. [cited by applicant]
Asai et al. “IKZF1 deletion is associated with a poor outcome in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Japan.” Cancer Med. 2013; 2:412-9. [cited by applicant]
Aust DE, “Mutations of the BRAF gene in ulcerative colitis-related colorectal carcinoma.” Int. J. Cancer (2005), 115, pp. 673-677. [cited by applicant]
Azuara et al. “Novel Methylation Panel for the Early Detection of Colorectal Tumors in Stool DNA.” Clinical Colorectal Cancer, vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 168-176, Jul. 2010. [cited by applicant]
Barat et al. “Comparative Correlation Structure of Colon Cancer Locus Specific Methylation: Characterisation of Patient Profiles and Potential Markers across 3 Array-Based Datasets” J. of Cancer, vol. 6, pp. 795-811, Ju… [cited by applicant]
Baxter, Eva “Investigating the association between BRAFv600E and methylation in sporadic colon cancer” PhD The University of Edinburgh, 2011. [cited by applicant]
Belinsky S.A., et al., “Promoter Hypermethylation of Multiple Genes in Sputum Precedes Lung Cancer Incidence in a High-Risk Cohort.” Cancer Res, 2006;66:3338-44. [cited by applicant]
Bell et al., “c-Ki-ras gene mutations in dysplasia and carcinomas complicating ulcerative colitis.” Br J Cancer (1991), 64, pp. 174-178. [cited by applicant]
Biankin et al. (2003) “Molecular pathogenesis of precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma” Pathology 35:14-24. [cited by applicant]
Brune, et al. (2008). “Genetic and epigenetic alterations of familial pancreatic cancers.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 17 (12): 3536-3542. [cited by applicant]
Buck et al. “Design Strategies and Performance of Custom DNA Sequencing Primers” Biotechniques, 1999, 27(3): 528-536. [cited by applicant]
Cairns et al., “Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups.” Gut (2010); 59, pp. 666-689. [cited by applicant]
Cameron et al (1995) “Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and Barrett's esophagus” Gastroenterology 109: 1541-1546. [cited by applicant]
Cameron et al. Blood, vol. 94, No. 7, pp. 2445-2451, Oct. 1999. [cited by applicant]
Camoes et al. “Potential downstream target genes of aberrant ETS transcription factors are differentially affected in Ewing's sarcoma and prostate carcinoma.” PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e49819. [cited by applicant]
Campbell et al. “Aberrant expression of the neuronal transcription factor FOXP2 in neoplastic plasma cells.” British journal of haematology. 2010; 149:221-30. [cited by applicant]
Chen “Expression and promoter methylation analysis of ATP-binding cassette genes in pancreatic cancer” Oncology Reports, 2012, 27:265-269. [cited by applicant]
Chen W.D., et al., “Detection in Fecal DNA of Colon Cancer—Specific Methylation of the Nonexpressed Vimentin Gene.” J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1124-32. [cited by applicant]
Costello. Graded Methylation in the Promoter and Body of the . . . 1994 vol. 269, No. 25, pp. 17228-17237. [cited by applicant]
Crespi et al. “Colorectal cancer: a spreading but preventable disease” European Journal of Oncology. vol. 13(1). Mar. 2008. pp. 21-32. [cited by applicant]
De Kok, 2003, “Quantification and integrity analysis of DNA in the stool of colorectal cancer patients may represent a complex alternative to fecal occult blood testing.” Clin Chem, 49: 2112-3. [cited by applicant]
Eads, et al. (1999). “CpG island hypermethylation in human colorectal tumors is not associated with DNA methyltransferase overexpression.” Cancer Res. 59: 2302-2306. [cited by applicant]
Ebert M.P., et al., “Aristaless-like homeobox-4 gene methylation is a potential marker for colorectal adenocarcinomas.” Gastroenterology 2006;131:1418-30. [cited by applicant]
Edge, S.; Fritz, A.G.; Greene, F.L.; Trotti, A. (Eds.), AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed: Springer, New York; 2010; Book—only table of contents provided. [cited by applicant]
Esteller et al. “Inactivation of Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Gene by Promoter Hypermethylation in Human Neoplasia” Cancer Resarch, vol. 58, pp. 4515-4518, Oct. 1998. [cited by applicant]
Fearnhead et al., “The ABC of APC,” Hum. Mol. Genet. 2001, vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 721-733. [cited by applicant]
Fearon E., et al., “A Genetic Model for Colorectal Tumorigenesis”, Cell, 1990, vol. 61, pp. 759-767. [cited by applicant]
Feng “Conservation and divergence of methylation patterning in plants and animals” PNAS 2010 vol. 107, No. 19, pp. 8689-8694. [cited by applicant]
Gao et al. “Global Analysis of DNA Methylation in hepatocellular cariconma by a liquid hybridization cpature-based bisulfite sequencing approach” Clinical Epigenetics, vol. 7, No. 86, Aug. 2015. [cited by applicant]
Garrity-Park et al. “Methylation status of genes in non-neoplastic mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer.” Am J Gastroenterol (2010), 105, pp. 1610-1619. [cited by applicant]
Glockner, et al. (2009). “Methylation of TFPI2 in stool DNA: a potential novel biomarker for the detection of colorectal cancer.” Cancer Res. 69: 4691-4699. [cited by applicant]
Goggins, M. “Molecular markers of early pancreatic cancer.” J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 4524. [cited by applicant]
Gonzalgo, et al. (1997) “Identification and characterization of differentially methylated regions of genomic DNA by methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR.” Cancer Res. 57: 594-599. [cited by applicant]
Gonzalgo, et al. (1997). “Rapid quantitation of methylation differences at specific sites using methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension (Ms-SNuPE).” Nucleic Acids Res. 25 (12): 2529-2531. [cited by applicant]
Grady W.M., et al., “Detection of Aberrantly Methylated hMLH1 Promoter DNA in the Serum of Patients with Microsatellite Unstable Colon Cancer 1.” Cancer Res, 2001;61:900-2. [cited by applicant]
Grutzmann et al., “Sensitive Detection of Colorectal Cancer in Peripheral Blood by Septin 9 DNA Methylation Assay.” PLoS ONE (2008), 3:e3759. [cited by applicant]
Grutzmann, et al. (2008), “Sensitive detection of colorectal cancer in peripheral blood by septin-DNA methylation assay,” PLoS ONE 3(11): e3759 which is 8 pages long. [cited by applicant]
Gu et al. “Genome-scale DNA methylation mapping of clinical samples at single-nucleotide resolution.” Nat Methods. 2010; 7:133-6. [cited by applicant]
Gu, et al. (2011). “Preparation of reduced representation bisulfite sequencing libraries for genome-scale DNA methylation profiling.” Nature Protocols. 6 (4): 468-481. [cited by applicant]
Gurung et al. “Menin epigenetically represses Hedgehog signaling in MEN1 tumor syndrome.” Cancer research. 2013;73:2650-8. [cited by applicant]
Guzinska-Ustymowicz et al., (2009), “Correlation between proliferation makers: PCNA, Ki-67, MCM-2 and antiapoptopic protein Bcl2 in colorectal cancer,” Anticancer Research. 29:3049-3052. [cited by applicant]
Haag S, et al., “Regression of Barrett's esophagus: the role of acid suppression, surgery, and ablative methods.” Gastrointest Endosc. Aug. 1999;50(2):229-40. [cited by applicant]
Hardcastle et al., 1996, “Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer.” Lancet, 348: 1472-7. [cited by applicant]
Harewood et al., 2000, “Fecal occult blood testing for iron deficiency: a reappraisal.” Dig Dis, 18(2): 75-82. [cited by applicant]
Harewood et al., 2002, “Detection of occult upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: performance differences in fecal occult blood tests.” Mayo Clin Proc, 77: 23-28. [cited by applicant]
Heresbach et al., 2006, “Review in depth and meta-analysis of controlled trials on colorectal cancer screening by faecal occult blood test.” Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 18: 427-33. [cited by applicant]
Herman, et al. (1996). “Methylation-specific PCR: A novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93: 9821-9826. [cited by applicant]
Hesselink et al. Combined Promoter Methylation Analysis of CADM1 and MAL: . . ClinCancer Res 2011; 17:2459-2465. [cited by applicant]
Hibi et al. (2010) “Methylation of the TFPI2 gene is frequently detected in advanced gastric carcinoma” [cited by applicant]
Hibi, et al. (2010). “Methylation of TFPI2 gene is frequently detected in advanced well-differentiated colorectal cancer.” Anticancer Res. 30: 1205-1207. [cited by applicant]
Hirota et al., “pS2 expression as a possible diagnostic marker of colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis.” Oncol Rep (2000), 7, pp. 233-239. [cited by applicant]
Hoang et al., 1997, “BAT-26, an indicator of the replication error phenotype in colorectal cancers and cell lines.” Cancer Res, 57: 300-3. [cited by applicant]
Holzmann et al., “Comparative analysis of histology, DNA content, p53 and Ki-ras mutations in colectomy specimens with long-standing ulcerative colitis.” Int J Cancer (1998) 76, pp. 1-6. [cited by applicant]
Hong, et al. (2008). “Multiple genes are hypermethylated in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.” Mod Pathol. 21 912): 1499-1507. [cited by applicant]
Hoque M.O., et al., “Quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction gene patterns in urine sediment distinguish prostate cancer patients from control subjects.” J Clin Oncol, 2005;23:6569-75. [cited by applicant]
Howe, et al., “Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2003, featuring cancer among U.S. Hispanic/Latino populations.” Cancer (2006) 107, pp. 1711-1742. [cited by applicant]
Imperiale et al. “Multitarget Stool DNA Testing for Colorectal-Cancer Screening” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 370, No. 14, Apr. 3, 2014, pp. 1287-1297. [cited by applicant]
Imperiale et al., “Fecal DNA versus fecal occult blood for colorectal-cancer screening in an average-risk population.” N Engl J Med (2004), 351, pp. 2704-2714. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/019982, dated Jul. 27, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Issa et al., “Accelerated Age-related CpG Island Methylation in Ulcerative Colitis.” Cancer Res (2001), 61, pp. 3573-3577. [cited by applicant]
Itzkowitz et al. “Diagnosis and management of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.” Gastroenterology (2004) 126, pp. 1634-1648. [cited by applicant]
Itzkowitz S.H., et al., “Improved fecal DNA test for colorectal cancer screening.” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:111-7. [cited by applicant]
Jacobs et al. “Dysregulated methylation at imprinted genes in prostate tumor tissue detected by methylation microarray.” BMC Urol. 2013;13:37. [cited by applicant]
Jemal et al., 2007, “Cancer statistics, 2007.” CA Cancer J Clin, 57: 43-66. [cited by applicant]
Jess et al., “Risk of intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study from olmsted county, Minnesota.” Gastroenterology (2006) 130, pp. 1039-1046. [cited by applicant]
Jiang et al. Gastroenterology Apr. 2008 vol. 134, No. 4., suppl 1, pp. A484. [cited by applicant]
Jiao et al. “Somatic mutations in the Notch, NF-KB, PIK3CA, and Hedgehog pathways in human breast cancers.” Genes, chromosomes & cancer. 2012; 51:480-9. [cited by applicant]
Jin et al. “A multicenter, Double-blinded Validation study of methylation biomarkers for progression prediction in Barrett's Esophagus” Cancer Research, May 15, 2009, vol. 69, pp. 4112-4115. [cited by applicant]
Kaiser. (2008). “Cancer genetics. A detailed genetic portrait of the deadliest human cancers.” Science. 321: 1280-1281. [cited by applicant]
Kann L., et al., “Improved marker combination for detection of de novo genetic variation and aberrant DNA in colorectal neoplasia.” Clin Chem 2006;52:2299-302. [cited by applicant]
Kariya et al., 1987, “Revision of consensus sequence of human Alu repeats—a review.” Gene, 53: 1-10. [cited by applicant]
Kawai, et al. (1994). “Comparison of DNA methylation patterns among mouse cell lines by restriction landmark genomic screening.” Mol. Cell Biol. 14 (11): 7421-7427. [cited by applicant]
Kaz et al. “DNA methylation profiling in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma reveals unique methylation signatures and molecular subclasses” Epigenetics, Dec. 1, 2011, vol. 6, pp. 1403-1412. [cited by applicant]
Kim et al. Methylation profiles of multiple CpG island loci in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma versus those of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 131:923-930, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Kim, H., et al., “Noninvasive molecular biomarkers for the detection of colorectal cancer,” BMB Reports, 2008, vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 685-692. [cited by applicant]
Kinzler K., et al., “Lessons from Hereditary Colorectal Cancer” Cell, 1996, vol. 87, pp. 159-170. [cited by applicant]
Kisiel AGA Abstracts #469, S-84, May 2013. [cited by applicant]
Kisiel et al. “New DNA Methylation Markers for Pancreatic Cancer: Discovery, Tissue Validation, and Pilot Testing in Pancreatic Juice” Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 21, No. 19, May 28, 2015, pp. 4473-4481. [cited by applicant]
Kisiel et al. “Stool DNA testing for the detection of pancreatic cancer: assessment of methylation marker candidates.” Cancer. 2012; 118:2623-31. [cited by applicant]
Kisiel et al. (AGA Abstracts, VS-68, vol. 138, No. 5, May 2010). [cited by applicant]
Kisiel, et al. “Sul340 Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Polyps in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Novel Methylated Stool DNA Markers” Gastroenerology, vol. 146, No. 5, May 1, 2014, pp. S-440. [cited by applicant]
Kisiel, et al. (2011). “Stool DNA screening for colorectal cancer: opportunities to improve value with next generation tests.” J Clin Gastroenterol. 45 (4): 301-8. [cited by applicant]
Kober et al. “Methyl-CpG binding column-based identification of nine genes hypermethylated in colorectal cancer.” Molecular carcinogenesis. 2011; 50:846-56. [cited by applicant]
Kraus, et al., “Inflammation and colorectal cancer,” Current Opinion in Pharmacology, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 405-410 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Kronborg et al., 1996, “Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test.” Lancet, 348: 1467-71. [cited by applicant]
Kronborg et al., 2004, “Randomized study of biennial screening with a faecal occult blood test: results after nine screening rounds.” Scand J Gastroenterol, 39: 846-51. [cited by applicant]
Kuppuswamy et al. “Single nucleotide primer extension to detect genetic diseases: Experimental application to hemophilia B (factor IX) and cystic fibrosis genes” (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 1143-1147. [cited by applicant]
Laird. (2010). “Principles and challenges of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.” Nat Rev Genet. 11: 191-203. [cited by applicant]
Lashner BA, “Evaluation of the Usefulness of Testing for p53 Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Surveillance for Ulcerative Colitis” Am J Gastroenterol (1999), 94, pp. 456-462. [cited by applicant]
Lee et al. “Pituitary homeobox 2 (PITX2) protects renal cancer cell lines against doxorubicin toxicity by transcriptional activation of the multidrug transporter ABCB1.” International journal of cancer Journal internati… [cited by applicant]
Lenhard et al. Analysis of Promoter Methylation in Stool: A Novel . . . Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2005; 3:142-149. [cited by applicant]
Leung W.K., et al., “Detection of epigenetic changes in fecal DNA as a molecular screening test for colorectal cancer: A feasibility study.” Clin Chem 2004; 50(11):2179-82. [cited by applicant]
Levin B, “Screening and Surveillance for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer . . . ” Gastroenterology (2008); 134, pp. 1570-1595. [cited by applicant]
Levin et al., 2008, “Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorecta… [cited by applicant]
Li et al. “Association between Galphai2 and ELMO1/Dock180 connects chemokine signalling with Rac activation and metastasis.” Nat Commun. 2013; 4:1706. [cited by applicant]
Lim, et al. (2010). “Cervical dysplasia: assessing methylation status (Methylight) of CCNA1, DAPK1, HS3ST2, PAX1 and TFPI2 (to improve diagnostic accuracy.” Gynecol Oncol. 119: 225-231. [cited by applicant]
Lin, et al., Identification of disease-associated DNA methylation in intestinal tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Clinical Genetics, vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 59-67 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Liu et al. “Medulloblastoma expresses CD1d and can be targeted for immunotherapy with NKT cells.” Clin Immunol. 2013;149:55-64. [cited by applicant]
Lofton-Day et al. Clinical Chemistry, vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 414-423, 2008. [cited by applicant]
Loh et al. Bone Morphogenic Protein 3 Inactivation Is an Early and Frequent Event in Colorectal Cancer Development. Genes Chromosomes and Cancer 47:449-460 2008. [cited by applicant]
Lokk et al. “Methylation Markers of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer” PLOS ONE, vol. 7, No. 6, e398013, Jun. 2012. [cited by applicant]
Ma, et al. (2011). “MicroRNA-616 induces androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells by suppressing expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor TFPI-2.” Cancer Res. 71: 583-592. [cited by applicant]
Maeda, et al., “DNA hypermethylation in colorectal neoplasms and inflammatory bowel disease: a mini review,” Inflammapharmacology, vol. 14, No. 5-6, pp. 204-206 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Mandel et al., 1993, “Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study.” N Engl J Med, 328: 1365-71. [cited by applicant]
Matsubayashi, et al. (2006). “DNA methylation alterations in the pancreatic juice of patients with suspected pancreatic disease.” Cancer Res. 66: 1208-1217. [cited by applicant]
Meissner et al. (2008). “Genome-scale DNA methylation maps of pluripotent and differentiated cells.” Nature. 454: 766-70. [cited by applicant]
Meissner, 2006, “Patterns of colorectal cancer screening uptake among men and women in the United States.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 15: 389-94. [cited by applicant]
Melle, et al. (2005), “Discovery and identification of a-defensins as low abundant, tumor-derived serum markers in colorectal cancer,” 129(1): 66-73 abstract only. [cited by applicant]
Melotte et al., “N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 4 (NDRG4): A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene and Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer” (JNCL, vol. 101, No. 13, pp. 916-927, Jul. 2009). [cited by applicant]
Meuwis, “Contribution of proteomics to colorectal cancer diagnosis,” Acta Endoscopica, vol. 37, p. 295-303, including translation, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Muller H.M., et al., “Methylation changes in faecal DNA: a marker for colorectal cancer screening?” The Lancet 2004;363:1283-5. [cited by applicant]
Naumov “Genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips” Epigenetics, 2013, vol. 8, issue 9, pp. 921-934. [cited by applicant]
Nosho, et al. (2008): “PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer: Relationship with genetic and epigenetic alterations,” Neoplasia. 10(6) 034-541, abstract only. [cited by applicant]
Obusez et al. “Adenocarcinoma in the ileal pouch: early detection and potential role of fecal DNA methylated markers in surveillance” (Int. J. Colorectal Dis. vol. 26, pp. 951-953, 2011). [cited by applicant]
Obusez et al. “Fecal methylated markers for the detection of adenocarcinoma in ileal pouches of patients with underlying ulcerative colitis” (Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: vol. 14, Issue pS42, Dec. 2008, P-0106). [cited by applicant]
Odze RD, “Genetic Alterations in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Adenoma-Like DALMs Are Similar to Non-Colitic Sporadic Adenomas” Am J Surg Pathol (2000), 24, pp. 1209-1216. [cited by applicant]
Olaru, et al., “Unique patterns of CpG island methylation in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancers,” Infammatory Bowel Diseases, vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 641-648 (Epub Aug. 9, 2011). [cited by applicant]
Olson, J et al. “DNA Stabilization Is Critical for Maximizing Performance of Fecal DNA-Based Colorectal Cancer Tests” Diagn Mol Pathol (2005) 14, pp. 183-191. [cited by applicant]
Omura, et al. (2008). “Genome-wide profiling of methylated promoters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.” Cancer Biol Ther. 7 (7): 1146-1156. [cited by applicant]
Omura, et al. (2009). “Epigenetics and epigenetic alterations in pancreatic cancer.” Int. J. Clin Exp Pathol. 2: 310-326. [cited by applicant]
Osborn NK, and Ahlquist DA, “Stool screening for colorectal cancer: molecular approaches.” Gastroenterology 2005;128:192-206. [cited by applicant]
Osborn, et al., “Aberrant methylation of the eyes absent 4 gene in ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 212-218 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Oster, B. et al., “Identification and validation of highly frequent CpG island hypermethylation in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.” Int J Cancer. 2011;129(12):2855-66. [cited by applicant]
Pao et al. “The endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) promoter displays heterogeneous, site specific methylation patterns in normal and tumor cells” Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 903-910. [cited by applicant]
Park, et al. (2002), “Expressiono f melanoma antigen-encoding genes (MAGE) by common primers for MAGE-A1 to -A6 in colorectal carcinomas among Koreans,” J. Korean Med. Sci 17: 497-501. [cited by applicant]
Person et al. “Chronic cadmium exposure in vitro induces cancer cell characteristics in human lung cells.” Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013; 273(2):281-8. [cited by applicant]
Petko Z., et al., “Aberrantly Methylated CDKN2A, MGMT, and MLH1 in Colon Polyps and in Fecal DNA from Patients with Colorectal Polyps.” Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:1203-9. [cited by applicant]
Powell S., et al., “APC Mutations Occur Early During Colorectal Tumorigenesis”, Letters to Nature, 1992, vol. 359, pp. 235-237. [cited by applicant]
Qiu et al. Hypermethylation of ACP1, BMP4, and TSPYL5 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Potential Clinical Significance, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Sep. 19, 2015, vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 149-157. [cited by applicant]
Raimondo et al. “Methylated DNA Markers in Pancreatic Juice Discriminate Pancreatic Cancer From Chronic Pancreatitis and Normal Controls” Gastroenterology 2013; 144:S-90. [cited by applicant]
Raimondo, M. et al. “Sensitive DNA Marker Panel for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer by Assay in Pancreatic Juice”, Gastroenterology, May 2, 2014, vol. 146, Iss. 5, Suppl. 1, p. S-132. [cited by applicant]
Rex et al. “American College of Gastroenterology guidelines for colorectal cancer screening 2008.” Am J Gastroenterol (2009); 104, pp. 739-750. [cited by applicant]
Ruppenthal et al. “TWIST1 Promoter Methylation in Primary Colorectal Carcinoma” Pathol. Oncol. Res., 2011, 17:867-872. [cited by applicant]
Sadri and Hornsby “Rapid Analysis of DNA Methylation Using New Restriction Enzyme Sites Created by Bisulfite Modification.” (1996) [cited by applicant]
Saitoh et al. (1995), “Intestinal protein loss and bleeding assessed by fecal hemoglobin, transferrin, albumin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in patients with colorectal diseases,” Digestion. 56(1): 67-75, abstract onl… [cited by applicant]
Sambrook et al., 1989, Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T. (ed.), Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 30 pages. [cited by applicant]
Samowitz et al., 1999, “BAT-26 and BAT-40 instability in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas and germline polymorphisms.” Am J Path, 154: 1637-41. [cited by applicant]
Sato et al., “Aberrant methylation of the HPP1 gene in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma.” Cancer Res (2002), 62, pp. 6820-6822. [cited by applicant]
Sato, et al. (2003). “Discovery of novel targets of aberrant methylation in pancreatic carcinoma using high-throughput microarrays.” Cancer Res. 63: 3735-3742. [cited by applicant]
Sato, et al. (2008). “CpG island methylation profile of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia.” Mod Pathol. 21 93): 238-244. [cited by applicant]
Schulmann, et al., Molecular phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplasms with microsatellite instability, Gastroenterology, vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 74-85 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Schwartz et al., 1983, “The “HemoQuant” test: a specific and quantitative determination of heme (hemoglobin) in feces and other materials.” Clin Chem, 29: 2061-7. [cited by applicant]
Schwartz et al., 1985, “Quantitative fecal recovery of ingested hemoglobin-heme in blood: comparisons by HemoQuant assay with ingested meat and fish.” Gastroenterology, 89: 19-26. [cited by applicant]
Sen-Yo et al. “TWIST1 hypermethylation is observed in pancreatic cancer” Biomedical Reports; 1:33-33, 2013. [cited by applicant]
Seshagiri et al. “Recurrent R-spondin fusions in colon cancer.” Nature. 2012; 488:660-4. [cited by applicant]
Shin et al. “Bile-based detection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with quantitative DNA methylation markers and its high sensitivity.” The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD. 2012;14:256-63. [cited by applicant]
Singer-Sam et al. “A quantitative Hpall-PCR assay to measure methylation of DNA from a small number of cells” (1990) [cited by applicant]
Singer-Sam et al. “A sensitive, quantitative assay for measurement of allele-specific transcripts differing by a single nucleotide.” (1992) PCR Methods Appl. 1: 160-163. [cited by applicant]
Singh et al., 2006, “Risk of developing colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy examination: evidence for a 10-year interval between colonoscopies.” JAMA, 295: 2366-73. [cited by applicant]
Sloane et al. “Epigenetic inactivation of the candidate tumor suppressor USP44 is a frequent and early event in colorectal neoplasia” Epigenetics, vol. 9, No. 8, pp. 1092-1100, Aug. 2014. [cited by applicant]
Stumm et al. “Strong expression of the neuronal transcription factor FOXP2 is linked to an increased risk of early PSA recurrence in ERG fusion-negative cancers.” Journal of clinical pathology. 2013;66:563-8. [cited by applicant]
Summons to attend oral proceedings, European patent application No. 11760295.3, mailed Mar. 4, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Surdez et al. “Targeting the EWSR1-FLI1 oncogene-induced protein kinase PKC-beta abolishes ewing sarcoma growth.” Cancer research. 2012;72:4494-503. [cited by applicant]
Szabo and Mann “Allele-specific expression and total expression levels of imprinted genes during early mouse development: implications for imprinting mechanisms.” (1995) Genes Dev. 9(24): 3097-3108. [cited by applicant]
Tan et al. “Variable promoter region CpG island methylation of the putative tumor suppressor gene Connexin 26 in breast cancer” Carcinogenesis. 2002 23(2): 231-236. [cited by applicant]
Tang, et al. (2010). “Prognostic significance of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 in pancreatic carcinoma and its effect on tumor invasion and metastatis.” Med Oncol. 27: 867-875. [cited by applicant]
Taylor et al. “109 Discovery of Novel DNA Methylation Markers for the Detection of Colorectal Neopolasia: Selection by Methylome-Wide Analysis” Gastroenterology, vol. 146, No. 5, May 1, 2014, pp. S-30. [cited by applicant]
Taylor et al. “Expression of p53 in colorectal cancer and dysplasia complicating ulcerative colitis.” Br J Surg (1993), 80, pp. 442-444. [cited by applicant]
Tibble, et al. (2001), “Faecal capprotectin and faecal occult blood tests in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma and adenoma.,” Gut. 49:402-408. [cited by applicant]
Tonack, et al. (2009). “Pancreatic cancer: proteomic approaches to a challenging disease.” Pancreatology. 9: 567-576. [cited by applicant]
Toyota, et al. (1999). “Identification of differentially methylated sequences in colorectal cancer by methylated CpG island amplification.” Cancer Res. 59: 2307-2312. [cited by applicant]
Tsunoda, et al. (2009). “Methylation of CLDN6, FBN2, RBP1, RBP4, TFPI2 and TMEFF2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.” Oncol Rep. 21: 1067-1073. [cited by applicant]
Uchida, et al. (1994), “Immunochemical detection of human lactoferrin in feces as a new marker for inflammatorygastrointestinal disorders and colon cancer,” Clinical Biochemistry. 27(4)L 259-264, abstract only. [cited by applicant]
Vincent et al. “Genome-wide analysis of promoter methylation associated with gene expression profile in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer R… [cited by applicant]
Wang, “Gene expression profiles and molecular markers to predict recurrence of duke's B Colon Cancer,” vol. 22, p. 1564-1571, 2004. [cited by applicant]
Watanabe, T., “RUNX3 copy number predicts the development of UC-associated colorectal cancer” International Journal of Oncology (2011), 38, pp. 201-207. [cited by applicant]
Wen, et al. (2006), “Frequence epigenetic silencing of the bome morphogenic protein 2 gene through methylation in gastic carcinomas,” Onogene. 25:2666-2673. [cited by applicant]
Wheeler et al. “Hypermethylation of the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) in sporadic and ulcerative colitis associated colorectal cancer.” Gut (2001), 48, pp. 367-371. [cited by applicant]
Winawer et al., 1993, “Screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy.” J Natl Cancer Inst, 85: 1311-8. [cited by applicant]
Wittekind et al. (1986), “Localization of CEA, HCG, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in gastric cancer and prognosis,” Virchows Arch 409:715-724. [cited by applicant]
Wu, “Aberrant Gene Methylation in the Neoplastic Progression of Barrett's Esophagus: Identification of Candidate Diagnostic Markers” Gastroenterology (2011) 14: S-222. [cited by applicant]
Xiong, et al. (1997). Nucleic Acids Res. 25 (12): 2532-2534. [cited by applicant]
Yachida, et al. (2010). “Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer.” Nature. 467: 1114-1117. [cited by applicant]
Yamaguchi, et al. (2005). “Pancreatic juice cytology in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.” Pancreatology. 5: 416-421. [cited by applicant]
Yang N. et al. “Methylation markers for CCNA1 and C13ORF18 are strongly associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in cervical scrapings.” Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevent… [cited by applicant]
Young, “Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FIT) vs. Office-based guaiac fecal occult blood test (FOBT),” Practical Gastroenterology, Colorectal Cancer, series 3, p. 46-56, 2004. [cited by applicant]
Zhai et al. “Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiling of Cell-Free Serum DNA in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett Esophagus” Neoplasia, Jan. 11, 2012, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 29-33. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al. (2009). “DNA methylation analysis of chromosome 21 gene promoters at single base pair and single allele resolution.” PLoS Genet. 5 (3): e1000438. [cited by applicant]
Zhao et al. “Genome-wide identification of Epstein-Barr virus-driven promoter methylation profiles of human genes in gastric cancer cells.” Cancer. 2013;119:304-12. [cited by applicant]
Zijlstra et al., 2002, “A quantitative analysis of rate-limiting steps in the metastatic cascade using human-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction.” Cancer Res, 62: 7083-92. [cited by applicant]
Zou et al., 2006, “A sensitive method to quantify human long DNA in stool: relevance to colorectal cancer screening.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 15: 1115-9. [cited by applicant]
Zou H.Z., et al., “Detection of aberrant p16 methylation in the serum of colorectal cancer patients.” Clin Cancer Res 2002;8(1):188-91. [cited by applicant]
Zou, et al. (2007), “Highly methylated genes in colorectal neoplasia: Implications for screening,” Cancer Epidemilogy Biomarkers Prev. 16(12): 2686-2696. [cited by applicant]
Zou, et al. (2009). “T2036 Pan-Detection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms by Stool DNA Testing Establishment of Feasibility.” [cited by applicant]
Zou, et al., “High Detection Rates of Colorectal Neoplasia by Stool DNA Testing with a Novel Digital Melt Curve Assay,” Gastroenterology, vol. 136, No. 2, Feb. 1, 2009, pp. 459-470. [cited by applicant]
Zou, et al., “T2034 Stool DNA and Occult Blood for Detection of Colorectal Cancer: Complementary Markers,” Gastroenterology, vol. 136, No. 5, May 1, 2009, p. A-625. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report & Written Opinion, International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/062809, dated May 1, 2019, 36 pages. [cited by applicant]