Transparent waveguide display
One embodiment provides an apparatus for displaying an image comprising: a first optical substrate comprising at least one waveguide layer configured to propagate light in a first direction, wherein the at least one waveguide layer of the first optical substrate comprises at least one grating lamina configured to extract the light from the first substrate along the first direction; and a second optical substrate comprising at least one waveguide layer configured to propagate the light in a second direction, wherein the at least one waveguide layer of the second optical substrate comprises at least one grating lumina configured to extract light from the second substrate along the second direction, wherein the at least one grating lamina of at least one of the first and second optical substrates comprises an SBG in a passive mode.
1. An apparatus for displaying an image comprising:
an input image node providing image modulated light, the image modulated light including image content associated with at least a portion of a display field of view;
a beam expander comprising:
an expander optical substrate;
one or more first expander input Bragg gratings to couple the image modulated light into one or more waveguide layers of the expander optical substrate for propagation along a first direction; and
one or more expander output Bragg gratings in the one or more waveguide layers of the expander optical substrate, wherein the one or more expander output Bragg gratings extend along the first direction to progressively extract portions of the image modulated light out of an output face of the expander optical substrate, wherein the one or more expander output Bragg gratings have increasing diffraction efficiency along the first direction to provide uniform extraction of the image modulated light out of the output face of the first expander optical substrate along the first direction;
a display substrate comprising:
a display optical substrate;
one or more display input Bragg gratings in the display optical substrate configured to couple the image modulated light from the beam expander into one or more waveguide layers of the display optical substrate and to propagate the image modulated light along a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; and
one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings in the one or more waveguide layers of the display optical substrate, wherein the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings extend along the third direction to progressively extract portions of the image modulated light along the third direction out of an output face of the display optical substrate, wherein the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings have increasing diffraction efficiency along the third direction to provide uniform extraction of the input light out of the output face of the display optical substrate along the third direction, wherein the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings direct the image modulated light along angles associated with the at least a portion of the display field of view, wherein the image modulated light from the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings is linearly polarized.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more expander output Bragg gratings include alternating stripes of Bragg gratings with different prescriptions.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the alternating stripes of Bragg gratings are angled at 45 degrees relative to the first or the second directions.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more expander output Bragg gratings or the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings have varying thickness along the respective direction of light propagation to provide for uniform extraction.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the one or more expander input Bragg gratings or the one or more expander output Bragg gratings include an active switchable Bragg grating.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first direction the same as the second direction.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more expander input Bragg gratings or the one or more expander output Bragg gratings include switchable Bragg gratings.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more expander input Bragg gratings and the one or more expander output Bragg gratings include passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the one or more expander input Bragg gratings and the one or more expander output Bragg gratings include non-switching Bragg gratings recorded in a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) material in at least one of forward or reverse mode.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the image modulated light comprises monochrome light.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first image modulated light comprises multi-wavelength light.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more expander input Bragg gratings and the one or more expander output Bragg gratings are complementary, wherein the one or more display input Bragg gratings and the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings are complementary.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more waveguide layers of at least one of the beam expander or the display substrate is configured to propagate at least one of red, green, blue, blue/green mixed light, and one of a multiplicity of sub field of Views (FOVs).
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more waveguide layers of at least one of the beam expander or the display substrate comprises holograms with superimposed different color prescriptions.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more waveguide layers of at least one of the beam expander or the display substrate is lossy.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein of the one or more waveguide layers of at least one of the beam expander or the display substrate has a varying thickness along the respective direction of light propagation.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the beam expander or the display substrate is curved.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the image modulated light from the one or more display output passive-mode switchable Bragg gratings is uniform across the at least a portion of the display field of view.
20. A device comprising the apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the device is a part of at least one of a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) or a head up display (HUD).