Granted Patent
B1
US 12,390,645 · App. 17/739,653 · Granted Aug 19, 2025
Spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain via short pulse width waveforms, and associated systems and methods
Assignee:
Nevro Corp.
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
Short pulse width spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects and associated systems and methods are disclosed. In particular embodiments, modulation signal has pulse widths in the range of from about 10 microseconds to about 50 microseconds may be applied to the patient's spinal cord region to address chronic pain without using paresthesia or tingling to mask or cover the patient's sensation of pain. In other embodiments, modulation in accordance with similar parameters can be applied to other spinal or peripheral locations to address other indications.
Claims (34)
1. A method for reducing or eliminating pain in a patient, without causing paresthesia in the patient, the method comprising:
programming a computer-readable medium of an implantable signal generator to:
generate a non-paresthesia-producing therapy signal, wherein at least a portion of the therapy signal is at a frequency of from 2 Hz to 1,000 Hz, with a pulse width in a pulse width range from 10 microseconds to 50 microseconds, and a current amplitude in a current amplitude range from 0.5 mA to 20 mA; and
transmit the therapy signal to the dorsal column of the patient's spinal cord via a signal delivery device implanted in the patient's epidural space and electrically coupled to the implanted signal generator.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapy signal has a duty cycle.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the duty cycle is 100%.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the duty cycle is 50-100%.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the frequency is applied throughout the length of an on period in the duty cycle.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the frequency is applied during a portion of an on period in the duty cycle.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapy signal has a current amplitude of about 2.5 mA.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the therapy signal is a square-wave signal.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal delivery device is a percutaneous lead.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal delivery device is a paddle lead.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal delivery device is an elongated lead having one or more electrodes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal delivery device is an elongated lead having a bipole arrangement of electrodes.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein programming the computer-readable medium includes programming the computer-readable medium to transmit the therapy signal to modulate glial cell activity at the patient's spinal cord.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse width is in a pulse width range from 20 microseconds to 40 microseconds.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the current amplitude is in a current amplitude range from 0.5 mA to 7 mA.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the current amplitude is in a current amplitude range from 0.5 mA to 5 mA.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the current amplitude is in a current amplitude range from 0.5 mA to 2 mA.
18. A spinal cord stimulation system for reducing or eliminating pain in a patient, the system comprising:
an implantable signal generator programmed to generate a non-paresthesia-producing therapy signal, wherein at least a portion of the therapy signal is at a frequency of from 2 Hz to 1,000 Hz, with a pulse width in a pulse width range from 10 microseconds to 50 microseconds, and a current amplitude in a current amplitude range from 0.5 mA to 7 mA; and
a signal delivery device electrically coupled to the implantable signal generator to deliver the therapy signal to the dorsal column of the patient's spinal cord.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the implantable signal generator generates the therapy signal at a duty cycle.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the duty cycle is 100%.
21. The system of claim 19 , wherein the duty cycle is 50-100%.
22. The system of claim 19 , wherein the frequency is applied throughout the length of an on period in the duty cycle.
23. The system of claim 19 , wherein the frequency is applied during a portion of an on period in the duty cycle.
24. The system of claim 18 , wherein the therapy signal is delivered at a current amplitude of 2.5 mA.
25. The system of claim 18 , wherein at least a portion of the therapy signal is a square-wave signal.
26. The system of claim 18 , wherein the signal delivery device is a percutaneous lead.
27. The system of claim 18 , wherein the signal delivery device is a paddle lead.
28. The system of claim 18 , wherein the signal delivery device is an elongated lead having one or more electrodes.
29. The system of claim 18 , wherein the signal delivery device is an elongated lead having a bipole arrangement of electrodes.
Assignments (3)
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST
Recorded Apr 4, 2025
From: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS AGENT
To: NEVRO CORP.
Reel/Frame 070743/0001 →
PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT
Recorded Dec 1, 2023
From: NEVRO CORP.
To: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS AGENT
Reel/Frame 065744/0302 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Nov 8, 2022
From: PARK, SANGSOO WESLEY
To: NEVRO CORP.
Reel/Frame 061697/0382 →
Continuity (4)
Continuation
16781960
· Feb 4, 2020
Continuation
16048131
· Jul 27, 2018
Division
14534769
· Nov 6, 2014
Provisional Application
61901255
· Nov 7, 2013
References Cited (400)
US 1597061A
· Cultra
· 1926
[cited by applicant]
US 2622601A
· Nemec
· 1952
[cited by applicant]
US 3195540A
· Waller
· 1965
[cited by applicant]
US 3724467A
· Avery et al.
· 1973
[cited by applicant]
US 3727616A
· Lenzkes
· 1973
[cited by applicant]
US 3817254A
· Maurer
· 1974
[cited by applicant]
US 3822708A
· Zilber
· 1974
[cited by applicant]
US 3893463A
· Williams
· 1975
[cited by applicant]
US 4014347A
· Halleck et al.
· 1977
[cited by applicant]
US 4023574A
· Nemec
· 1977
[cited by applicant]
US 4055190A
· Tany et al.
· 1977
[cited by applicant]
US 4148321A
· Wyss et al.
· 1979
[cited by applicant]
US 4379462A
· Borkan et al.
· 1983
[cited by applicant]
US 4414986A
· Dickhudt et al.
· 1983
[cited by applicant]
US 4535777A
· Castel
· 1985
[cited by applicant]
US 4541432A
· Molina-Negro et al.
· 1985
[cited by applicant]
US 4608985A
· Crish et al.
· 1986
[cited by applicant]
US 4612934A
· Borkan et al.
· 1986
[cited by applicant]
US 4649935A
· Charmillot et al.
· 1987
[cited by applicant]
US 4735204A
· Sussman et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4764132A
· Stutz, Jr.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4793353A
· Borkan et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4841973A
· Stecker
· 1989
[cited by applicant]
US RE33420E
· Sussman et al.
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
US 5002053A
· Garcia-Rill
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5058584A
· Bourgeois
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5335657A
· Terry, Jr. et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5354320A
· Schaldach et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5514175A
· Kim et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5540734A
· Zabara
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5562717A
· Tippey et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5643330A
· Holsheimer et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5716377A
· Rise et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5755758A
· Wolozko
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5776170A
· MacDonald et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5830151A
· Hadzic et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5853373A
· Griffith et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5893883A
· Torgerson et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 5938690A
· Law
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 5983141A
· Sluijter et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 5995872A
· Bourgeois
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6002964A
· Feler et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6014588A
· Fitz
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6027456A
· Feler et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6049701A
· Sparksman
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6161044A
· Silverstone
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6161048A
· Sluijter et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6167311A
· Rezai
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6176242B1
· Rise
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6233488B1
· Hess
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6236892B1
· Feler et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6238423B1
· Bardy
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6246912B1
· Sluijter et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6319241B1
· King et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6341236B1
· Osorio et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6356786B1
· Rezai et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6366814B1
· Boveja
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6393325B1
· Mann et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6397108B1
· Camps et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6405079B1
· Ansarinia
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6421566B1
· Holsheimer
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6440090B1
· Schallhorn
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6473644B1
· Terry, Jr. et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6505078B1
· King et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6510347B2
· Borkan
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6516227B1
· Meadows et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6526318B1
· Ansarinia
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6571127B1
· Ben-Haim et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6584358B2
· Carter et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6587724B2
· Mann
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6609030B1
· Rezai et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6622048B1
· Mann et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6659968B1
· McClure
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6662051B1
· Eraker et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6714822B2
· King et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6721603B2
· Zabara et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6795737B2
· Gielen et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6856315B2
· Eberlein
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6862479B1
· Whitehurst
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6871090B1
· He et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6871099B1
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6885888B2
· Rezai
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6892097B2
· Holsheimer et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6907293B2
· Grill et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6907295B2
· Gross et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6923784B2
· Stein
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6928230B2
· Squibbs
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6928320B2
· King
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6944501B1
· Pless
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6950707B2
· Whitehurst
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6959215B2
· Gliner
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6968237B2
· Doan et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6990376B2
· Tanagho et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7024246B2
· Acosta et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7047079B2
· Erickson
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7054686B2
· MacDonald
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7082333B1
· Bauhahn et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7117034B2
· Kronberg
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7146223B1
· King
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7146224B2
· King
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7149574B2
· Yun et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7162304B1
· Bradley
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7167750B2
· Knudson et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7174215B2
· Bradley
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7177702B2
· Wallace et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7180760B2
· Varrichio et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7206640B1
· Overstreet
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7212865B2
· Cory
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7225035B2
· Brabec et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7236822B2
· Dobak, III
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7236830B2
· Gliner
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7239912B2
· Dobak, III
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7252090B2
· Goetz
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7260436B2
· Kilgore et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7266412B2
· Stypulkowski
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7288062B2
· Spiegel
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7313440B2
· Miesel
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7324852B2
· Barolat et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7326181B2
· Katims
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7333857B2
· Campbell
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7337005B2
· Kim et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7346398B2
· Gross et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7349743B2
· Tadlock
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US RE40279E
· Sluijter et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7359751B1
· Erickson et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7363076B2
· Yun et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7389145B2
· Kilgore et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7393351B2
· Woloszko et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7463927B1
· Chaouat
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7483747B2
· Gliner et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7493172B2
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7502652B2
· Gaunt et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7571007B2
· Erickson et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7580753B2
· Kim et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7599737B2
· Yomtov et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7634317B2
· Ben-David et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7676269B2
· Yun et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7689276B2
· Dobak
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7689289B2
· King
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7715915B1
· Rye et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7734340B2
· De Ridder
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7734355B2
· Cohen et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7742810B2
· Moffitt et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7761170B2
· Kaplan et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7778704B2
· Rezai
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7792591B2
· Rooney et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7801604B2
· Brockway et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7813803B2
· Heruth et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7826901B2
· Lee et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7853322B2
· Bourget et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7860570B2
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7865243B1
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7877136B1
· Moffitt et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7877146B2
· Rezai
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7890176B2
· Jaax et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7890182B2
· Parramon et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7914452B2
· Hartley et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7933654B2
· Merfeld et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7937145B2
· Dobak
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8000794B2
· Lozano
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8010198B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8010203B2
· DeMulling et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8027718B2
· Spinner et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8046075B2
· Rezai
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8060208B2
· Kilgore et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8082039B2
· Kim et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8103341B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8150531B2
· Skelton
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8170658B2
· Dacey et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8170675B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8180445B1
· Moffitt
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8209021B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8209028B2
· Skelton et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8224453B2
· De Ridder
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8224459B1
· Pianca et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8255048B2
· Dal Molin et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8280515B2
· Greenspan
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8301241B2
· Ternes et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8340775B1
· Cullen et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8355792B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8359102B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8359103B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8364271B2
· De Ridder
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8364273B2
· De Ridder
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8396559B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8412338B2
· Faltys
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8423147B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8428735B2
· Littlewood et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8428748B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8467875B2
· Bennett et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8483830B2
· Tweden
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8569935B1
· Kosierkiewicz
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8577458B1
· Libbus et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8612018B2
· Gillbe
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8649874B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8666506B2
· King
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8688212B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8691877B2
· Yun et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8712534B2
· Wei
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8751009B2
· Wacnik
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8768469B2
· Tweden et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8805512B1
· Greiner et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8825164B2
· Tweden et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8825166B2
· John
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8886326B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8886328B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8892209B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8918172B2
· Moffitt et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8918190B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8918191B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8923964B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8923990B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8965521B2
· Birkholz et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 8996125B2
· Greiner et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9002457B2
· Hamann et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9002459B2
· Lee et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9026214B2
· Ternes et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9026215B2
· Rossing
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9026226B2
· Gerber et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9067076B2
· Nolan et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9101770B2
· Arcot-Krishnamurthy et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9126044B2
· Kramer et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9132272B2
· Alves et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9180298B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9205258B2
· Simon et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9211410B2
· Levine et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9295840B1
· Thacker
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9308370B2
· Lima et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9327127B2
· Alataris et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9370659B2
· Franke et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9381356B2
· Parker
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9403007B2
· Moekelke et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9421355B2
· Colborn
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9440074B2
· Ternes et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9462398B2
· De Ridder
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9480846B2
· Strother
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9533153B2
· Libbus et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9555248B2
· De Ridder
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9561366B2
· Wei et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9561370B2
· Rezai
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9572983B2
· Levine et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9694183B2
· Grandhe
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9700724B2
· Liu et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9724509B2
· Su et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9724511B2
· Wei et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9724513B2
· Lane et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9833614B1
· Gliner
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9895532B2
· Kaula et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9895539B1
· Heit
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9913980B2
· Ostroff et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9950173B2
· Doan
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9968732B2
· Drew et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20020055779A1
· Andrews
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20020087201A1
· Firlik et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20020128700A1
· Cross
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20030036783A1
· Bauhahn
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030100931A1
· Mullett
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030120323A1
· Meadows et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030135248A1
· Stypulkowski
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030204221A1
· Rodriguez et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20040015202A1
· Chandler et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040034394A1
· Woods et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040039425A1
· Greenwood-Van Meerveld
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040059395A1
· North et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040073273A1
· Gluckman et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040093093A1
· Andrews
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040116977A1
· Finch et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040116978A1
· Bradley
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040122477A1
· Whitehorse
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040158298A1
· Gliner
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040158839A1
· Gliner et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040162590A1
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040167584A1
· Carroll et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040186532A1
· Tadlock
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040193228A1
· Gerber
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040210270A1
· Erickson
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040210271A1
· Campen et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040267330A1
· Lee et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20050021104A1
· DiLorenzo
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050033381A1
· Carter et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050038489A1
· Grill
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050060001A1
· Singhal et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050070982A1
· Heruth et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050113877A1
· Spinelli et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050113878A1
· Gerber
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050113882A1
· Cameron et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050119713A1
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050143783A1
· Boveja
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050143789A1
· Whitehurst et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050149148A1
· King
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050153885A1
· Yun et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050154435A1
· Stern et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050222641A1
· Pless
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050240241A1
· Yun et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050245978A1
· Varrichio et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050245987A1
· Woods
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050246006A1
· Daniels
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050267545A1
· Cory
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050278000A1
· Strother et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050288721A1
· Girouard
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20060004422A1
· De Ridder
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060009820A1
· Royle
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060015153A1
· Gliner et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060030895A1
· Simon et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060041285A1
· Johnson
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060074456A1
· Pyles et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060079937A1
· King et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060095088A1
· De Ridder
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060100671A1
· Ridder
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060149337A1
· John
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060161219A1
· Mock et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060161235A1
· King
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060167512A1
· Ross et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060167525A1
· King
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060168805A1
· Hegland et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060190044A1
· Libbus et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060190048A1
· Gerber
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060224187A1
· Bradley et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060229687A1
· Goetz et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060253182A1
· King
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060271108A1
· Libbus et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20070021803A1
· Deem et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070032827A1
· Katims
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070039625A1
· Heruth et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070043400A1
· Donders et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070049988A1
· Carbunaru
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070049991A1
· Klostermann et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070060954A1
· Cameron et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070066997A1
· He et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070073353A1
· Rooney et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070073354A1
· Knudson et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070083240A1
· Peterson et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070100388A1
· Gerber
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070106337A1
· Errico et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070106342A1
· Schumann
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070150029A1
· Bourget et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070150034A1
· Rooney et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070156183A1
· Rhodes
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070167992A1
· Carley
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070179559A1
· Giftakis et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070179579A1
· Feler et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070191902A1
· Errico
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070203537A1
· Goetz et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070213789A1
· Nolan et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070239226A1
· Overstreet
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070244522A1
· Overstreet
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070255118A1
· Miesel et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070265675A1
· Lund
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070265681A1
· Gerber et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070293893A1
· Stolen et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070299482A1
· Littlewood et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20080033511A1
· Dobak
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080046012A1
· Covalin et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080065158A1
· Ben-Ezra
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080086036A1
· Hartley
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080097539A1
· Belalcazar
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080167697A1
· Johnson
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080183259A1
· Bly et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080234791A1
· Arle et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080269854A1
· Hegland et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080281381A1
· Gerber et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080300449A1
· Gerber
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080319511A1
· Pless
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20090018617A1
· Skelton et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090024187A1
· Erickson et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090024189A1
· Lee et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090036945A1
· Chancellor et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090054962A1
· Lefler et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090069803A1
· Starkebaum
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090076565A1
· Surwit
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090112282A1
· Kast et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090118777A1
· Iki
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090125079A1
· Armstrong et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]