Orienting a moving electromagnetic tracking reference frame via external localizing data on an electromagnetic sensor using IMU data
A method and apparatus for determining pose of a transmitter, and by extension the pose of one or more receivers, in an electromagnetic tracking system when the transmitter is allowed to move freely in the physical environment. The method operates in a system that incorporates two separate tracking technologies and an Inertial Measurement Unit, one determining the pose of a device relative to a global reference frame and another determining the pose of the same device relative to a local reference frame, thereby avoiding the latency problem and resulting inaccuracy of pose determinations of known prior approaches.
1. A method of determining position and orientation of a transmitter, and by extension position and orientation of a receiver, in an electromagnetic (EM) tracking system comprising a head mounted display (HMD) having a head tracking technology, the transmitter comprising a plurality of source magnetic coils each configured to generate a magnetic field and a transmitter inertial measurement unit (IMU), and the receiver comprising a plurality of sensor magnetic coils configured to sense the magnetic fields, the method comprising:
determining, by a processor, a rotation of the HMD relative to a Global Reference Frame (GRF) using the HMD head tracking technology;
determining, by the processor, the rotation of the HMD relative to a Local Reference Frame (LRF) using the EM tracking system;
determining, by the processor, a rotation of the transmitter relative to an Inertial Reference Frame (IRF) using the transmitter IMU;
determining, by the processor, an unfiltered rotation of the transmitter relative to the GRF;
determining, by the processor, an unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF;
determining, by the processor, a drift comprising a low-pass filtering of the unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF;
determining, by the processor, a rotation of the transmitter using the drift and the rotation of the transmitter relative to the IRF;
determining, by the processor, the position of the HMD relative to the GRF;
determining, by the processor, a position of the HMD relative to the LRF using the EM tracking system;
determining, by the processor, a position of the transmitter relative to the GRF using the determined rotation of the HMD relative to the GRF, the determined rotation of the transmitter, and the determined position of the transmitter relative to the LRF; and
determining, by the processor, a position and rotation of the receiver in the GRF using the determined position and rotation of the transmitter in the GRF.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining, by a processor, a position and rotation of another receiver in the GRF using the determined position and rotation of the transmitter in the GRF.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the rotation of the HMD relative to the GRF using the HMD head tracking technology generates a 3×3 transformation matrix.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the rotation of the HMD relative to the LRF using the EM tracking system generates a 3×3 transformation matrix.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the rotation of the transmitter relative to the IRF using the transmitter IMU is performed using an IMU orientation filter.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the drift comprising a low-pass filtering of the unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF is performed using a first-order Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) that operates on and interpolates between rotations.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the position of the HMD relative to GRF generates a 3×1 column vector.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the position of the HMD relative to LRF using the EM tracking system generates a 3×1 column vector.
9. Repeating method of claim 1 for a subsequent time update.
10. A system for determining position and orientation of a transmitter, and by extension position and orientation of a receiver, in an electromagnetic (EM) tracking system comprising:
a head mounted display (HMD) having a head tracking technology;
the transmitter comprising a plurality of source magnetic coils each configured to generate a magnetic field and a transmitter inertial measurement unit (IMU);
the receiver comprising a plurality of sensor magnetic coils configured to sense the magnetic fields; and,
a processor configured to:
determine a rotation of the HMD relative to a Global Reference Frame (GRF) using the HMD head tracking technology;
determine the rotation of the HMD relative to a Local Reference Frame (LRF) using the EM tracking system;
determine a rotation of the transmitter relative to an Inertial Reference Frame (IRF) using the transmitter IMU;
determine an unfiltered rotation of the transmitter relative to the GRF;
determine an unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF;
determine a drift comprising a low-pass filtering of the unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF;
determine a rotation of the transmitter using the drift and the rotation of the transmitter relative to the IRF;
determine the position of the HMD relative to the GRF;
determine a position of the HMD relative to the LRF using the EM tracking system;
determine a position of the transmitter relative to the GRF using the determined rotation of the HMD relative to the GRF, the determined rotation of the transmitter, and the determined position of the transmitter relative to the LRF; and
determine a position and rotation of the receiver in the GRF using the determined position and rotation of the transmitter in the GRF.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a position and rotation of another receiver in the GRF using the determined position and rotation of the transmitter in the GRF.
12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions for causing a computing device to execute a method of determining position and orientation of a transmitter, and by extension position and orientation of a receiver, in an electromagnetic (EM) tracking system comprising a head mounted display (HMD) having a head tracking technology, the transmitter comprising a plurality of source magnetic coils each configured to generate a magnetic field and a transmitter inertial measurement unit (IMU), and the receiver comprising a plurality of sensor magnetic coils configured to sense the magnetic fields, the method comprising:
determining a rotation of the HMD relative to a Global Reference Frame (GRF) using the HMD head tracking technology;
determining the rotation of the HMD relative to a Local Reference Frame (LRF) using the EM tracking system;
determining a rotation of the transmitter relative to an Inertial Reference Frame (IRF) using the transmitter IMU;
determining an unfiltered rotation of the transmitter relative to the GRF;
determining an unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF;
determining a drift comprising a low-pass filtering of the unfiltered rotation of the IRF relative to the GRF;
determining a rotation of the transmitter using the drift and the rotation of the transmitter relative to the IRF;
determining the position of the HMD relative to the GRF;
determining a position of the HMD relative to the LRF using the EM tracking system;
determining a position of the transmitter relative to the GRF using the determined rotation of the HMD relative to the GRF, the determined rotation of the transmitter, and the determined position of the transmitter relative to the LRF; and
determining a position and rotation of the receiver in the GRF using the determined position and rotation of the transmitter in the GRF.
13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12 , the method further comprising:
determining a position and rotation of another receiver in the GRF using the determined position and rotation of the transmitter in the GRF.