Photovoltaic laminate comprising single polymer composite
Photovoltaic (PV) laminates employ single polymer composites (SPCs). The SPCs may be located at various locations of the PV laminate. These locations may include being positioned as an entire back-sheet of the PV laminate as well as, as a portion of a back-sheet or other layer of the PV laminate. The SPCs may be positioned and configured in the PV laminate so as to reduce tensile and compressive forces developed on PV cells from live normal loads or other live loads or dead loads experienced by the PV laminate. The SPCs can serve to reduce the weight of a PV laminate as well as to assist in having PV cells lie along the neutral axis of the PV laminate.
1. A photovoltaic laminate comprising:
an array of photovoltaic cells, the photovoltaic cells each having a sun receiving face and a bottom face,
wherein each photovoltaic cell of the array of photovoltaic cells is electrically connected to one or more other photovoltaic cells of the array;
an encapsulant in contact with at least the sun receiving face or the bottom face of at least one photovoltaic cell of the array of photovoltaic cells;
a transparent layer positioned above the sun receiving face of photovoltaic cells of the array of photovoltaic cells; and
a single polymer composite positioned below the array of photovoltaic cells, the single polymer composite comprising a matrix and a reinforcement of the matrix, the matrix comprising a first polymer, having a first set of mechanical properties and the reinforcement of the matrix consisting of the first polymer and having a second set of mechanical properties, the first set of mechanical properties different from the second set of mechanical properties.
2. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 1 wherein the single polymer composite consists essentially of the matrix of the first polymer and the reinforcement consisting of the first polymer and wherein the encapsulant is in contact with the sun receiving face or the bottom face, or both, of the array of photovoltaic cells.
3. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 1 wherein the array of photovoltaic cells further comprises a perimeter, wherein the encapsulant surrounds the array of photovoltaic cells, and wherein the single polymer composite is planar and extends to the perimeter of the array of photovoltaic cells.
4. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 1 wherein the array of photovoltaic cells further comprises a perimeter and a perimeter edge, wherein the encapsulant surrounds each photovoltaic cells of the array of photovoltaic cells, and wherein the single polymer composite is planar and extends beyond the perimeter edge of array of photovoltaic cells.
5. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 1 wherein the transparent layer is one or more of glass or a transparent polymer sheet and wherein the photovoltaic laminate has a neutral axis under a top distributed live load, the array of photovoltaic cells positioned along the neutral axis.
6. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 1 wherein the single polymer composite comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
7. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 1 wherein the tensile modulus of the single polymer composite is in the range of 5-300 MPa and has a tensile strength in the range of 90 MPa-3 GPa.
8. A photovoltaic laminate comprising:
a transparent front sheet layer;
a first layer of encapsulant positioned below the transparent front sheet;
a photovoltaic cell layer positioned below the first layer of encapsulant;
a second layer of encapsulant positioned below the photovoltaic cell layer; and
a layer of single polymer composite, the single polymer composite comprising a matrix of a first polymer having a first set of mechanical properties and a reinforcement combined with the matrix, the reinforcement consisting of the first polymer, the reinforcement having a second set of mechanical properties, the first set of mechanical properties different from the second set of mechanical properties, the layer of single polymer composite positioned below the transparent front sheet layer.
9. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 8 wherein the first layer of encapsulant and the second layer of encapsulant are connected to each other with encapsulant material and wherein the transparent front sheet layer comprises glass.
10. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 9 wherein the photovoltaic cell layer comprises an array of separate photovoltaic cells and wherein the first layer of encapsulant and the second layer of encapsulant are connected to each other with encapsulant material and completely surround each separate photovoltaic cell of the array of photovoltaic cells.
11. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 8 further comprising a back-sheet layer, the back-sheet layer not comprising a single polymer composite, the back-sheet layer in contact with the layer of single polymer composite.
12. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 11 wherein the back-sheet layer is an outermost layer of the photovoltaic laminate and comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
13. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 11 wherein the back-sheet layer comprises a polymer and is not an outermost layer of the photovoltaic laminate.
14. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 8 wherein the photovoltaic laminate has a neutral axis and the photovoltaic cell layer is planar and is positioned at the neutral axis.
15. A photovoltaic laminate comprising:
a plurality of photovoltaic cells having a perimeter;
an encapsulant surrounding the plurality of photovoltaic cells and extending beyond the perimeter;
a planar transparent layer positioned above the encapsulant and extending beyond the perimeter; and
a planar layer of single polymer composite, the single polymer composite comprising a matrix of a first polymer having a first set of mechanical properties and a reinforcement consisting of the first polymer, the reinforcement combined with the matrix of the first polymer, the reinforcement consisting of the first polymer and having a second set of mechanical properties, the first set of mechanical properties different from the second set of mechanical properties, the layer of single polymer composite positioned below the encapsulant.
16. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 15 wherein the planar layer of single polymer composite extends beyond the perimeter.
17. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 15 further comprising a planar back-sheet layer in contact with the planar layer of single polymer composite.
18. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 15 wherein the first polymer is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or a thermal plastic material.
19. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 18 wherein the first polymer is UHMWPE.
20. The photovoltaic laminate of claim 18 wherein the first polymer is PP.