Treatment of hip pain with sustained-release liposomal anesthetic compositions

1. A method of administering a non-opioid analgesic to a human subject following hip treatment, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) a multivesicular liposome comprising: at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid; and b) an aqueous phase comprising bupivacaine phosphate, wherein the aqueous phase is encapsulated within the multivesicular liposome, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by a needle injection, wherein the needle tip is located at a distal end of an injection needle, and wherein administering the composition occurs while the needle tip is located lateral to the psoas tendon such that the needle tip is positioned between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the psoas tendon and is spaced away from a musculofascial region that extends from the psoas tendon to the pubic ramus.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous phase further comprises hydrochloric acid.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amphipathic lipid is selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidic acids, cardiolipins, diacyl dimethylammonium propanes, and stearylamines.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutral lipid is at least one triglyceride.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of bupivacaine phosphate.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises bupivacaine phosphate in an amount equivalent to from about 20 mg to about 300 mg of bupivacaine.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises bupivacaine phosphate in an amount equivalent to from about 133 mg to about 266 mg of bupivacaine.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method does not comprise administering an opioid to the subject following completion of the treatment.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises administering an opioid to the subject following completion of the treatment.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the method comprises administering to the subject following completion of the treatment an amount of an opioid that is less than 200 mg.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the opioid is oxycodone and the method comprises administering oxycodone in a total amount less than or equal to 10 mg or administering morphine in a total amount less than or equal to 15 mg in the first about 72 hours following completion of the treatment.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has an AUC for VAS pain intensity scores over the first 72 hours following completion of the treatment of from about 100 to about 200.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the subject has a distress from itchiness score as determined by the OBAS scale of less than 4.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the plasma concentration of bupivacaine in the subject after about 120 hours following completion of the treatment is about 150 ng/mL to about 250 ng/mL, for an amount of the pharmaceutical composition described herein that is equivalent to about 133 mg of bupivacaine.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the needle has a needle length between 60 mm and 150 mm.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the needle has a diameter between 25 gauge and 20 gauge.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration comprises advancing the needle using an in-plane mode of insertion relative to an imaging transducer.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein administration comprises advancing the needle tip from a lateral-to-medial direction.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein administration comprises advancing the needle tip along a cephalad-to-caudad and lateral-to-medial trajectory.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein injecting the composition occurs while the needle is parallel with the anterior inferior iliac spine proximate the needle tip.

21. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plasma concentration of bupivacaine about 175 ng/mL to about 225 ng/mL.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the distal portion of the needle is aligned with the anterior inferior iliac spine and the needle tip is located between the AIIS and psoas tendon.

23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the distal portion of the needle is within 15 degrees of exactly parallel of the anterior inferior iliac spine.

24. A method of administering a non-opioid analgesic to a subject following hip treatment, the method comprising administering to the subject before hip surgery a pharmaceutical composition comprising multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate, said multivesicular liposomes comprising:

bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

phosphoric acid;

a lipid component comprising at least one amphipathic lipid and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group; and,

optionally, a cholesterol and/or a plant sterol wherein said multivesicular liposomes are made by a process comprising:

a) preparing a first aqueous component comprising phosphoric acid;

b) preparing a lipid component comprising at least one organic solvent, at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group;

c) mixing said first aqueous component and said lipid component to form a water-in-oil emulsion, wherein at least one component comprises bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

d) mixing said water-in-oil emulsion with a second aqueous component to form solvent spherules; and

e) removing the organic solvent from the solvent spherules to form multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate;

wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by a needle injection, wherein the needle tip is located at a distal end of an injection needle, and wherein administering the composition occurs while the needle tip is located lateral to the psoas tendon such that the needle tip is positioned between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the psoas tendon and is spaced away from a musculofascial region that extends from the psoas tendon to the pubic ramus.

25. A method of reducing a duration of time during which a non-opioid analgesic is administered to a subject following hip treatment, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) a multivesicular liposome comprising: at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid; and b) an aqueous phase comprising bupivacaine phosphate, wherein the aqueous phase is encapsulated within the multivesicular liposome;

wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by a needle injection, wherein the needle tip is located at a distal end of an injection needle, and

wherein injecting the composition occurs while a distal portion of the needle is parallel with the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and positioned lateral to the psoas tendon between the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and psoas tendon, such that the needle tip is spaced away from a musculofascial region that extends between the psoas tendon and the pubic ramus; and

wherein administration comprises advancing the needle using an in-plane mode of insertion relative to an imaging transducer.