Benefit agent delivery system using electroplating
A benefit agent delivery system whereby benefit agents can be delivered on demand. The benefit agent delivery system comprises a first electrode layer, a microcell layer, a sealing layer, and a second electrode layer. The microcell layer comprises a plurality of microcells, each microcell of the plurality of microcells containing a carrier and a benefit agent, and a metallic layer spanning an opening of each microcell of the plurality of microcells. Application of an electric field across a microcell causes the removal of at least a portion of the metallic layer from the microcell opening, and enabling the benefit agent to be delivered from the benefit agent delivery system.
1 . A benefit agent delivery system comprising:
a first electrode layer;
a microcell layer comprising a plurality of microcells, each microcell of the plurality of microcells including an opening, each microcell of the plurality of microcells containing a metallic layer and a medium, the metallic layer comprising a metal and spanning the opening of each microcell of the plurality of microcells, and the medium comprising a carrier and a benefit agent;
a sealing layer located adjacent to the metallic layer of the microcell layer; and
a second electrode layer;
the first electrode layer, the microcell layer, the sealing layer and the second electrode layer being vertically stacked upon each other in this order;
wherein, when a voltage is applied from a voltage source between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer across a microcell, at least a portion of the metallic layer is removed from the opening of the microcell and deposited on the microcell surface opposite to the opening.
2 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein each microcell of the plurality of microcells further includes a second opening, the opening and the second opening being at opposite sides of each microcell.
3 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source that is coupled to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
4 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode layer is porous.
5 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the sealing layer comprises a polymeric material, the polymeric material being selected from the group consisting of an acrylate, a methacrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyvinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, amorphous nylon, oriented polyester, terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, and alginate.
6 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the metallic layer is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, chromium, nickel and a combination thereof.
7 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 5 , wherein the sealing layer further comprises a conductive material selected from the groups consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, a dopant, metal particles, and a conductive polymer.
8 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of a liquid, a semi-solid, a gel and combinations thereof.
9 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises water, an organic compound, a silicone compound, or a combination thereof.
10 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the benefit agent is selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical agent, a vaccine, an antibody, a hormone, a protein, a nucleic acid, a nutraceutical agent, a nutrient, a cosmetic agent, a fragrance, a malodor removing agent, an agricultural agent, an air care agent, an antimicrobial agent, and a preservative.
11 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the sealing layer further comprises a benefit agent.
12 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the sealing layer and the second electrode layer are integrated into one layer.
13 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a porous diffusion layer or a rate control layer between the sealing layer and the second electrode layer.
14 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising an adhesive layer disposed between the sealing layer and the second electrode layer.
15 . The benefit agent delivery system of claim 14 , further comprising a porous diffusion layer disposed between the adhesive layer and the second electrode layer.