Dialysis machine, a fluid preparation device, and methods for establishing secure communication between a dialysis machine and a fluid preparation device

1. A dialysis machine comprising:

a short-range communication interface;

a user interface;

a memory; and

a control unit configured to cause the dialysis machine to establish, using the short-range communication interface, a short-range wireless connection between the dialysis machine and an external fluid preparation device by:

after being powered on, determining whether a bonding table exists in the memory or whether a bonding table is empty,

when the bonding table does not exist in the memory or is empty, causing the user interface to display a prompt to enter a passkey associated with the fluid preparation device,

receiving, via in the user interface, the passkey,

using the passkey to pair with the fluid preparation device,

creating a new bonding table or writing to an empty bonding table using the passkey,

generating a shared key using the passkey and at least one predetermined criterion, wherein the fluid preparation device separately creates its own shared key using the at least one predetermined criterion and the passkey,

storing the shared key to a key table in the memory,

using the shared key to authenticate with the fluid preparation device, and

when authentication with the fluid preparation device is successful, enabling data communication using the short-range wireless connection with the fluid preparation device.

2. The dialysis machine of claim 1 , wherein the key table is included within the bonding table that is stored in the memory.

3. The dialysis machine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one predetermined criterion includes at least one of an algorithm or a cryptographic salt such that the passkey is an input parameter to the at least one predetermined criterion.

4. The dialysis machine of claim 1 , wherein generating the shared key includes generating a set of shared keys using the passkey and the at least one predetermined criterion, and wherein the control unit is further configured to:

select a shared key from the set of shared keys;

obtain an identifier corresponding to the selected shared key; and

transmit the identifier and the shared key to the fluid preparation device for authentication with the fluid preparation device.

5. The dialysis machine of claim 4 , wherein the identifier includes an index number of the selected shared key within the key table.

6. The dialysis machine of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is further configured to select the shared key randomly from the set of shared keys.

7. The dialysis machine of claim 1 , wherein the memory is configured to store an identifier of the dialysis machine, and wherein authenticating with the fluid preparation device includes transmitting an authentication request message including the shared key and the identifier of the dialysis machine to the fluid preparation device.

8. The dialysis machine of claim 7 , wherein the control unit is further configured to determine at least one of (i) a system time, (ii) a generation time of the authentication request message, or (iii) an expiry time of the authentication request, and wherein the control unit is configured to include at least one of (i) to (iii) within the authentication request message.

9. The dialysis machine of claim 7 , wherein the control unit is further configured to:

generate a cryptographic signature using the passkey and at least some of the information included within the authentication request message; and

transmit the cryptographic signature in conjunction with the authentication request message.

10. The dialysis machine of claim 9 , wherein the control unit is further configured to:

receive an authentication accept message from the fluid preparation device, the authentication accept message including at least a second cryptographic signature that was generated using at least one of the passkey or the shared key stored at the fluid preparation device; and

determine authentication is successful after using the second cryptographic signature to verify authenticity of the fluid preparation device.

11. The dialysis machine of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to authenticate with the fluid preparation device using a JSON Web Token authentication protocol.

12. The dialysis machine of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to, when the bonding table exists in the memory with the passkey, skip authentication and enable data transfer using the short-range wireless connection with the fluid preparation device.

13. A dialysis system comprising:

a fluid preparation device having a first short-range communication interface a first memory storing a passkey, and a shared key generated using the passkey and at least one predetermined criterion; and

a dialysis machine configured to receive fluid from the fluid preparation device, the dialysis machine including a second short-range communication interface, a second memory, and a control unit, wherein the control unit of the dialysis machine is configured to cause the dialysis machine to establish, using the second short-range communication interface, a short-range wireless connection between the dialysis machine and the fluid preparation device by:

after being powered on, determining whether a bonding table exists in the second memory or whether a bonding table is empty,

when the bonding table does not exist in the second memory or is empty, causing a user interface of the dialysis machine to display a prompt to enter a passkey associated with the fluid preparation device,

receiving, via in the user interface, the passkey,

using the passkey to pair the dialysis machine with the fluid preparation device,

creating a new bonding table or writing to an empty bonding table in the second memory using the passkey,

generating the shared key using the passkey and the at least one predetermined criterion,

storing the shared key to a key table in the second memory,

using the shared key to authenticate with the fluid preparation device, and

when authentication with the fluid preparation device is successful, enabling data communication using the short-range wireless connection with the fluid preparation device.

14. The dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the dialysis machine is configured to receive the fluid from the fluid preparation device after the data communication is enabled.

15. The dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the fluid preparation device is configured to at least one of purify water or prepare dialysis fluid.

16. The dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the dialysis machine includes at least one of a peritoneal dialysis cycler, a hemodialysis machine, or a continuous renal replacement therapy (“CRRT”) machine.

17. The dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the fluid preparation device is configured to display the passkey after being powered on and determining a bonding table does not exist in the first memory or a bonding table is empty.

18. The dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the at least one predetermined criterion includes at least one of an algorithm or a cryptographic salt such that the passkey is an input parameter to the at least one predetermined criterion.

19. The dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein generating the shared key includes generating a set of shared keys using the passkey and the at least one predetermined criterion, and wherein the control unit of the dialysis machine is further configured to:

select a shared key from the set of shared keys;

obtain an identifier corresponding to the selected shared key; and

transmit the identifier and the shared key to the fluid preparation device for authentication with the fluid preparation device.

20. The dialysis system of claim 19 , wherein the identifier includes an index number of the selected shared key within the key table, and wherein the control unit of the dialysis machine is further configured to select the shared key randomly from the set of shared keys.