Methods and apparatus to capture images

1. An audience measurement system to obtain exposure data for a media exposure environment, the audience measurement system comprising:

memory;

machine readable instructions; and

processor circuitry to execute the machine readable instructions to:

generate an audio signature of media content presented by a television within the media exposure environment;

obtain content identifying data corresponding to the presented media content, the content identifying data based on the audio signature of the media content presented by the television within the media exposure environment;

analyze a sequence of images of the media exposure environment to detect a head appearing in one or more of the images, the sequence of images obtained by a camera while the media content corresponding to the content identifying data is presented by the television;

determine an orientation of the head with respect to the camera; and

determine audience identification information based on a match of the head to a known person associated with the media exposure environment; and

network interface circuitry to output a signal indicative of the content identifying data and the audience identification information to a data collection facility.

2. The audience measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the audio signature is a representation of a frequency spectrum of an audio signal of the media content.

3. The audience measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the signal is a first signal; the processor circuitry is to determine a people tally indicative of a count of people appearing within the one or more of the images based at least in part on the detected head; and the network interface circuitry is to output a second signal indicative of the people tally.

4. The audience measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the processor circuitry is to:

reduce a resolution of a first image of the one or more of the images of the media exposure environment to obtain a reduced-resolution image, and

determine the orientation of the head with respect to the camera based on the reduced-resolution image.

5. The audience measurement system of claim 4 , wherein the processor circuitry is to determine the audience identification information by: (i) generating a facial signature from a region of a second image of the one or more of the images corresponding to a location of the head in the reduced-resolution image, and (ii) comparing the generated facial signature to a database of facial signatures.

6. The audience measurement system of claim 4 , wherein the processor circuitry is to:

identify a region corresponding to the head within the first image from which the reduced-resolution image was obtained;

analyze a portion corresponding to the identified region of a second image; and

based on the analysis of the region of the second image, determine that the head matches the known person.

7. The audience measurement system of claim 6 , wherein the processor circuitry is to identify a region corresponding to the head within the first image from which the reduced-resolution image was obtained by determining that a face is potentially identifiable based on the orientation of the head.

8. The audience measurement system of claim 6 , wherein the audience identification information includes an identifier associated with the known person and the processor circuitry is to, responsive to a determination that the head matches the known person, cause the identifier associated with the person to be stored in the memory.

9. An audience measurement system, comprising:

an audience measurement device at a media exposure environment, the audience measurement device to:

generate an audio signature of media content presented by a television within the media exposure environment;

obtain content identifying data corresponding to the presented media content, the content identifying data based on the audio signature;

while the media content corresponding to the content identifying data is presented by the television, collect a first image of the media exposure environment with a camera;

attempt to detect a head in the first image;

determine an orientation of the head with respect to the camera;

determine audience identification information based on an indication that the head matches a known person associated with the audience measurement system; and

a data collection facility to obtain the content identifying data and the audience identification information from the audience measurement device.

10. The audience measurement system of claim 9 , wherein the audio signature is a representation of a frequency spectrum of an audio signal of the media content.

11. The audience measurement system of claim 9 , wherein the audience measurement device is to:

reduce a resolution of the first image of the media exposure environment to obtain a reduced-resolution image, and

determine the orientation of the head with respect to the camera based on the reduced-resolution image.

12. The audience measurement system of claim 11 , wherein the audience measurement device is to:

identify a region corresponding to the head within the first image from which the reduced-resolution image was obtained; and

analyze a portion of a second image corresponding to the identified region to determine whether the head matches the known person.

13. The audience measurement system of claim 12 , wherein the audience identification information includes an identifier associated with the known person and the audience measurement device is to, responsive to the indication that the head matches the known person, cause recordation of the identifier associated with the known person in a memory.

14. The audience measurement system of claim 11 , wherein the audience measurement device is to determine the audience identification information by: (i) generating a facial signature from a region of a second image corresponding to a location of the head in the reduced-resolution image, and (ii) comparing the generated facial signature to a database of facial signatures.

15. The audience measurement system of claim 9 , wherein the audience measurement device is to:

determine a people tally indicative of a count of people appearing in the first image based at least in part on the detected head; and

provide the people tally to the data collection facility.

16. A method for obtaining exposure data for a media exposure environment, the method comprising:

generating, using a program detector, an audio signature of media content presented by a television within the media exposure environment;

obtaining, based on the audio signature, content identifying data corresponding to the presented media content;

while the media content corresponding to the content identifying data is presented by the television, capturing first and second images of the media exposure environment with a camera;

analyzing, using an audience detector, the first image to attempt to detect a head in the first image;

determining, using the audience detector, an orientation of the head with respect to the camera;

determining, using the audience detector, audience identification information based on an indication that the head matches a known person associated with the audience detector; and

providing the content identifying data and the audience identification information to a data collection facility.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the audio signature is a representation of a frequency spectrum of an audio signal of the media content.

18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

reducing a resolution of the first image of the media exposure environment to obtain a reduced-resolution image, and

wherein the determining of the orientation of the head includes determining the orientation of the head with respect to the camera using the reduced-resolution image.

19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:

identifying a region corresponding to the head within the first image from which the reduced-resolution image was obtained;

analyzing a portion of the second image corresponding to the identified region; and

based on the analyzing of the region of the second image, determining whether the head matches the known person.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the audience identification information includes an identifier associated with the known person, and further including recording the identifier associated with the known person in a memory.

21. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

determining a people tally indicative of a count of people appearing within the first image based at least in part on the detected head and one or more additional heads; and

providing the people tally to the data collection facility.

22. An audience measurement system to obtain exposure data for a media exposure environment, the audience measurement system comprising:

memory;

processor circuitry; and

program detector software to cause the processor circuitry to:

generate an audio signature of media content presented by a television within the media exposure environment, and

obtain, based on the audio signature, content identifying data corresponding to the presented media content;

audience detector software to cause the processor circuitry to:

while the media content corresponding to the content identifying data is presented by the television, obtain first and second images of the media exposure environment captured with a camera;

analyze one or more of the first or second images to: (i) detect one or more heads in the media exposure environment; (ii) determine corresponding orientations with respect to the camera for respective ones of the one or more heads, and (iii) determine audience identification information indicative that one or more of the heads matches respective ones of one or more persons known to be associated with the media exposure environment; and

network interface circuitry to output the content identifying data and the audience identification information to a data collection facility.

23. The audience measurement system of claim 22 , wherein the audience detector software is to cause the processor circuitry to analyze the one or more of the first or second images to detect the one or more heads in the media exposure environment by:

analyzing the first image to detect the one or more heads in the media exposure environment, and

analyzing the second image to determine the audience identification information.

24. The audience measurement system of claim 23 , wherein the audience detector software is to cause activation of an illumination source while the camera captures the second image.

25. The audience measurement system of claim 24 , wherein the audience detector software is to cause the camera to capture the first image without use of the illumination source.

26. The audience measurement system of claim 23 , wherein:

the audience detector software is to cause the processor circuitry to reduce a resolution of the first image using pixel binning to obtain a reduced-resolution image, and

to detect the one or more heads in the media exposure environment based on the reduced-resolution image.

27. The audience measurement system of claim 22 , wherein the audio signature is a representation of a frequency spectrum of an audio signal of the media content.

28. The audience measurement system of claim 22 , wherein the audience detector software is to cause the processor circuitry to determine the audience identification information by: (i) generating a facial signature from a region of the second image corresponding to a location of one of the one or more heads, and (ii) comparing the generated facial signature to a database of facial signatures.

29. The audience measurement system of claim 22 , wherein the audience detector software is to determine a people tally indicative of a count of people appearing within the first image based at least in part on the detected one or more heads, and

the network interface circuitry is to provide the people tally to the data collection facility.