ULTRASONIFICATION FOR BIOGAS
An ultrasonification system is provided. The ultrasonification system includes a duct having a proximal end and a distal end, and a vibrating head disposed within the duct near the proximal end thereof. A fluid enters the duct from the proximal end and flows toward the distal end. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.
1 . A system comprising:
a duct including a proximal end and a distal end; and
a vibrating head disposed within the duct near the proximal end thereof,
wherein the system is configured to allow a fluid to enter the duct from the proximal end and flow toward the distal end.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the duct includes a contraction section at downstream of the vibrating head.
3 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sonotrode to oscillate the vibrating head ultrasonically.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the sonotrode oscillates the vibrating head at frequencies between about 20 kHz and about 70 kHz, inclusive, and amplitudes between about 10 μm to about 150 μm, inclusive.
5 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the system is configured to allow the fluid to enter the duct from the proximal end, pass around the vibrating head, and accelerate through the contraction section.
6 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the duct further includes an expansion section disposed adjacent to the contraction section at downstream thereof.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid includes at least one selected from a group consisting of municipal waste, sewage sludge, manure, crude oil, and a spent wash from a sugar refinery.
8 . A method comprising:
supplying a fluid through a duct from a proximal end toward a distal end; and
oscillating the fluid with a vibrating head,
wherein the vibrating head is disposed within the duct near the proximal end thereof.
9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
causing a pressure of the fluid to decrease by providing a contraction section in the duct.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein a plurality of cavitation bubbles are generated due to the oscillation of the vibrating head, and
wherein a number of the plurality of cavitation bubbles is increased as the pressure of the fluid is decreased.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the fluid is choked at the contraction section of the duct.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the pressure is decreased below a saturation pressure of the fluid at the contraction section of the duct.
13 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
causing the pressure of the fluid to increase by providing an expansion section disposed adjacent to the contraction section at downstream thereof.
14 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the vibration head is oscillated ultrasonically by a sonotrode.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the sonotrode oscillates the vibrating head at frequencies between about 20 kHz and about 70 kHz, inclusive, and amplitudes between about 10 μm to about 150 μm, inclusive.
16 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the fluid includes at least one selected from a group consisting of municipal waste, sewage sludge, manure, crude oil, and a spent wash from a sugar refinery.
17 . Apparatus, systems, articles, and techniques described and/or illustrated herein.