Zeolite with Cu and Pd co-exchanged in a composite
The present disclosure provides catalyst compositions and catalytic articles capable of storing and/or reducing nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions in engine exhaust, catalyst articles coated with such compositions, and processes for preparing such catalyst compositions and articles. The catalyst compositions include copper and palladium co-exchanged zeolites. Further provided is a process for preparing such co-exchanged zeolites, an exhaust gas treatment system including the catalytic articles disclosed herein, and methods for reducing NO x in an exhaust gas stream using such catalytic articles and systems.
1. A catalyst composition for low temperature trapping and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from an exhaust gas stream of a lean-burn engine, the catalyst composition comprising a zeolite comprising an ion-exchanged base metal and ion-exchanged palladium, wherein at least a portion of the ion-exchanged base metal and the ion-exchanged palladium are present in ionic form within the exchange sites of the zeolite.
2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite has a structure type chosen from AEI, AFT, AFX, CHA, EAB, ERI, KFI, LEV, LTN, MSO, SAS, SAT, SAV, SFW, TSC, and combinations thereof.
3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is an aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio (SAR) of from about 5 to about 100.
4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ion-exchanged base metal is chosen from Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, La, Mn, V, Ag, Ce, Nd, Pr, Ti, Cr, Zn, Nb, Mo, Hf, Y, W, and combinations thereof.
5. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ion-exchanged base metal, calculated as the base metal oxide, is present in the zeolite in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the calcined ion-exchanged zeolite on a volatile-free basis.
6. The catalyst composition of claim 5 , wherein the ion-exchanged base metal is Cu and wherein the Cu, calculated as CuO, is present in the zeolite in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight based on the total weight of the calcined ion-exchanged zeolite on a volatile-free basis.
7. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ion-exchanged palladium, calculated as elemental palladium, is present in the zeolite in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the calcined ion-exchanged zeolite on a volatile-free basis.
8. A catalyst article for low temperature trapping and SCR of NO x , the catalyst article comprising:
a substrate; and
a first washcoat comprising the catalyst composition according to claim 1 disposed on at least a portion of the substrate.
9. The catalyst article of claim 8 , wherein the substrate is a honeycomb, and wherein the honeycomb substrate is a wall-flow filter substrate or a flow-through substrate.
10. The catalyst article of claim 8 , wherein the catalyst article is effective to reduce NO x emissions in the exhaust gas stream under a cold start condition by at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 25%, at least about 35%, at least about 45%, at least about 55%, at least about 65%, at least about 75%, at least about 85%, or at least about 95% by weight, based on the total amount of NO x present in the exhaust gas stream, wherein the cold start condition comprises an exhaust gas stream temperature that is below about 150° C.
11. A catalyst article for low temperature trapping and SCR of NO x , the catalyst article comprising:
a substrate;
a first washcoat disposed on at least a portion of the substrate and comprising a catalyst composition for low temperature trapping and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from an exhaust gas stream of a lean-burn engine, the catalyst composition comprising a zeolite comprising an ion-exchanged base metal and ion-exchanged palladium, and
a second washcoat disposed on at least a portion of the substrate, the second washcoat comprising an SCR catalyst composition.
12. The catalyst article of claim 11 , wherein the first and second washcoats are present in a zoned configuration, and wherein the second washcoat is disposed downstream from the first washcoat.
13. An exhaust gas treatment system for treating an exhaust gas stream from a lean burn engine, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising the catalytic article of claim 8 in fluid communication with the exhaust gas stream.
14. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 13 , further comprising one or more additional components chosen from a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a soot filter, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a urea injection component, an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst, a lean NO x trap (LNT), and combinations thereof.
15. A method for reducing a NO x level in an exhaust gas stream of a lean-burn engine, the method comprising contacting the exhaust gas stream with the catalytic article of claim 8 , for a time and at a temperature sufficient to reduce the level of NO x in the exhaust gas stream by at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 25%, at least about 35%, at least about 45%, at least about 55%, at least about 65%, at least about 75%, at least about 85%, or at least about 95% by weight, based on the total amount of NO x present in the exhaust gas stream.
16. A process for preparing a zeolite co-exchanged with ions of both a base metal and palladium, the process comprising contacting a zeolite comprising ions of the base metal with a source of palladium ions in an aqueous medium, such that the palladium ions are ion-exchanged into the zeolite comprising ions of the base metal, to thus form the zeolite co-exchanged with ions of both a base metal and palladium, wherein at least a portion of the ion-exchanged base metal and the ion-exchanged palladium are present in ionic form within the exchange sites of the zeolite.
17. The process of claim 16 , further comprising drying the zeolite co-exchanged with ions of both a base metal and palladium; and calcining the zeolite co-exchanged with ions of both a base metal and palladium.
18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the source of palladium ions is [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ][OH] 2 .
19. The process of claim 16 , wherein the base metal is Cu, Fe, or a combination thereof.
20. The process of claim 16 , wherein the zeolite has a structure type chosen from AEI, AFT, AFX, CHA, EAB, ERI, KFI, LEV, LTN, MSO, SAS, SAT, SAV, SFW, TSC, and combinations thereof.
21. The process of claim 16 , wherein the zeolite is an aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio (SAR) of from about 5 to about 100.
22. The process of claim 16 , wherein:
the ion-exchanged base metal is present in the zeolite in an initial concentration;
after contacting the zeolite comprising ions of a base metal with the source of palladium ions in an aqueous medium, the ion-exchanged base metal is present in the zeolite in a final concentration; and
the final concentration is within about 10% of the initial concentration.
23. The process of claim 16 , wherein the ion-exchanged palladium, calculated as elemental palladium, is present in the zeolite in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the calcined ion-exchanged zeolite on a volatile-free basis.
24. The process of claim 16 , wherein:
the ion-exchanged base metal is Cu and the Cu, calculated as CuO, is present in the zeolite in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the calcined ion-exchanged zeolite on a volatile-free basis;
the ion-exchanged palladium, calculated as elemental palladium, is present in the zeolite in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the calcined ion-exchanged zeolite on a volatile-free basis; and
at least about 50% of the Cu and at least about 50% of the palladium reside in the ion-exchange sites in the pore network of the zeolite.