Eye safe diverged beam optical wireless communications system

1. A diverged beam optical transmitter comprising:

a laser source configured to emit a light beam;

one or more lenses;

a diffuser placed between the laser source and the one or more lenses, and configured to increase an intrinsic divergence of the light beam and to fill some portion of the one or more lenses such that the light beam is eye safe after the one or more lenses, wherein the diffuser is an active element configured to change a degree of diffusion in response to an input, and

one or both of:

(i) an additional passive diffuser between the active diffuser and the one or more lenses, and

(ii) wherein the active element is a mechanically movable element that substantially prevents transmission of light in its resting position.

2. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the intrinsic divergence of the light beam has different values in different directions.

3. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the laser source includes a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array.

4. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the laser source includes a fiber coupled laser that is amplified by an erbium doped fiber amplifier and then connected to the diverged beam optical transmitter by another fiber.

5. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the diffuser is a transmission diffuser.

6. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the diffuser is configured to be translated closer to or farther from the laser source to change the intrinsic divergence.

7. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 6 , wherein the diffuser is configured to be translated closer to the laser source to increase the intrinsic divergence during link acquisition, and then farther from the laser source to decrease the intrinsic divergence and increase a rate of data transmission.

8. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 5 , wherein the transmission diffuser is an engineered diffuser.

9. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the diverged beam optical transmitter is eye safe per Class 1.

10. The diverged beam optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the diverged beam optical transmitter is eye safe per Class 1M.

11. A diverged beam optical communications system comprising:

a laser source configured to emit a light beam;

one or more lenses configured to collimate the light beam to an overall divergence of the light beam;

a diffuser configured to increase an intrinsic divergence of the light beam and to fill some portion of the one or more lenses such that the light beam is eye safe after the one or more lenses, wherein the diffuser is an active element configured to change a degree of diffusion in response to an input;

a receive lens;

a detector, the receive lens configured to focus the light beam onto the detector, and the detector with an etendue sufficient to receive light from the receive lens with an acceptance angle larger than 1.7 mrad, and

one or both of:

(i) an additional passive diffuser between the active diffuser and the one or more lenses, and

(ii) wherein the active element is a mechanically movable element that substantially prevents transmission of light in its resting position.

12. The diverged beam optical communications system of claim 11 , wherein the intrinsic divergence of the light beam has different values in different directions.

13. A diverged beam optical communications system comprising:

a laser source configured to emit a light beam;

one or more lenses configured to collimate the light beam to an overall divergence of the light beam;

a diffuser configured to increase an intrinsic divergence of the light beam and to fill some portion of the one or more lenses such that the light beam is eye safe after the one or more lenses, wherein the diffuser is an active element configured to change a degree of diffusion in response to an input;

a receive lens; and

a detector, the receive lens configured to focus the light beam onto the detector, and the detector with a etendue sufficient to receive light from the receive lens with an acceptance angle larger than 5 mrad, and

one or both of:

(i) an additional passive diffuser between the active diffuser and the one or more lenses, and

(ii) wherein the active element is a mechanically movable element that substantially prevents transmission of light in its resting position.

14. The diverged beam optical communications system of claim 13 , wherein the intrinsic divergence of the light beam has different values in different directions.

15. A diverged beam optical communications system comprising:

a laser source configured to emit a light beam;

one or more lenses configured to collimate the light beam to an overall divergence of the light beam;

a diffuser configured to increase an intrinsic divergence of the light beam and to fill some portion of the one or more lenses such that the light beam is eye safe after the one or more lenses, wherein the diffuser is an active element configured to change a degree of diffusion in response to an input;

a receive lens; and

a detector, the receive lens configured to focus the light beam onto the detector, and the detector with a etendue sufficient to receive the light beam from the receive lens with an acceptance angle larger than 17 mrad, and

one or both of:

(i) an additional passive diffuser between the active diffuser and the one or more lenses, and

(ii) wherein the active element is a mechanically movable element that substantially prevents transmission of light in its resting position.

16. The diverged beam optical communications system of claim 15 , wherein the intrinsic divergence of the light beam has different values in different directions.

17. The diverged beam optical communications system of claim 15 , wherein the diffuser is configured to be translated closer to or farther from the laser source to change the intrinsic divergence.