Methods and Compositions for Reducing Deleterious Enteric Atmospheric Gases in Livestock
The subject invention provides compositions and methods for reducing deleterious atmospheric gas emissions produced in livestock animals' digestive systems and/or waste. In preferred embodiments, a composition comprising one or more beneficial microorganisms and/or one or more microbial growth by-products is contacted with the livestock animal's digestive system and/or waste in order to, for example, control methanogenic bacteria therein.
1 . A method for reducing a deleterious atmospheric gas and/or a precursor thereof produced in a livestock animal's digestive system and/or waste, the method comprising contacting a composition comprising one or more beneficial microorganisms and/or one or more microbial growth by-products with the livestock animal's digestive system,
wherein the one or more beneficial microorganisms are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pleurotus ostreatus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Lentinula edodes, Trichoderma viridae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Starmerella bombicola, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia occidentalis, Monascus purpureus, Acremonium chrysogenum, Myxococcus xanthus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis strain “B4” and/or Bacillus licheniformis.
2 . (canceled)
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered directly to the digestive system orally, via endoscopy, via fecal transplant, via suppository, via enema or via injection into the stomach, rumen and/or intestines.
4 . (canceled)
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the deleterious atmospheric gas is methane and/or carbon dioxide, and/or wherein the deleterious atmospheric gas precursor is nitrogen and/or ammonia.
6 . (canceled)
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a methanogenic bacterium and/or a protozoan in the livestock animal's digestive system is controlled.
8 . (canceled)
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a saturated long chain fatty acid with the one or more beneficial microorganisms and/or one or more microbial growth by-products, wherein the saturated long chain fatty acid is stearic acid, palmitic acid and/or myristic acid.
10 . (canceled)
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering one or more of the following components with the one or more beneficial microorganisms and/or one or more microbial growth by-products: seaweed ( Asparagopsis taxiformis ); kelp; 3-nitrooxypropanol; anthraquinones; ionophores selected from monensin and lasalocid; polyphenols selected from saponins and tannins; Yucca schidigera extract; Quillaja saponaria extract; organosulfurs; garlic extract; flavonoids selected from quercetin, rutin, kaemferol, naringin, and anthocyanidins; bioflavonoids isolated from green citrus fruits, rose hips and/or black currants; carboxylic acid; and terpenes selected from d-limonene, pinene and citrus extracts.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the beneficial microorganism is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-67928 (“ B. amy ”) and/or Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-68031 (“B4”).
13 . (canceled)
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the beneficial microorganism is Pleurotus ostreatus.
15 - 17 . (canceled)
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more beneficial microorganisms are B. amy, S. boulardii, P. ostreatus and D. hansenii.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the beneficial microorganism is W. anomalus.
20 - 22 . (canceled)
23 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more microbial growth by-products are in crude form, said crude form comprising a supernatant resulting from fermentation of a microorganism that produces said growth by-products.
24 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more microorganisms and/or one or more microbial growth by-products are applied to drinking water and/or to feed that the livestock animal ingests.
25 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing the effect of the method on the reduction of enteric deleterious atmospheric gas emissions and/or precursors thereof in the livestock animal's digestive system and/or waste.
26 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing the effect of the method on the control of methanogenic bacteria and/or protozoa in the livestock animal's digestive system and/or waste.
27 . The method of claim 1 , used for reducing the number of carbon credits used by an operator involved in livestock production.
28 . A composition for reducing enteric deleterious atmospheric gases and/or precursors thereof in a livestock animal's digestives system, the composition comprising one or more beneficial microorganisms and/or one or more microbial growth by-products,
wherein the one or more beneficial microorganisms are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pleurotus ostreatus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Lentinula edodes, Trichoderma viridae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Starmerella bombicola, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia occidentalis, Monascus purpureus, Acremonium chrysogenum, Myxococcus xanthus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis strain “B4,” and/or Bacillus licheniformis.
29 . The composition of claim 28 , wherein the beneficial microorganism is a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ; wherein the strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is B. amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-67928 (“ B. amy ”).
30 - 38 . (canceled)
39 . The composition of claim 28 , further comprising a saturated long chain fatty acid selected from stearic acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid.
40 . The composition of claim 28 , further comprising a germination enhancer selected from L-alanine, L-leucine and manganese.
41 . The composition of claim 28 , further comprising one or more of the following components: seaweed ( Asparagopsis taxiformis and/or Asparagopsis armata ); kelp; nitrooxypropanols; anthraquinones; ionophores selected from monensin and lasalocid; polyphenols selected from saponins and tannins; Yucca schidigera extract; Quillaja saponaria extract; organosulfurs; garlic extract; flavonoids selected from quercetin, rutin, kaemferol, naringin, and anthocyanidins; bioflavonoids isolated from green citrus fruits, rose hips and/or black currants; carboxylic acid; and terpenes selected from d-limonene, pinene and citrus extracts.
42 - 44 . (canceled)
45 . A method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock waste products, the method comprising administering a composition according to claim 28 to the livestock animal's digestive system.
46 . A method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock waste products, the method comprising administering a composition according to claim 28 to the waste products.
47 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the composition is applied to a lagoon, tailing pond or storage tank used for storage and/or treatment of livestock waste.
48 . The method of claim 46 , further comprising applying the waste products to a field or crop as an organic fertilizer.
49 . The method of claim 48 , used to reduce the amount of nitrogen-rich fertilizer that is applied to the field or crop.
50 . A method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock waste products, the method comprising administering a sophorolipid biosurfactant to the waste products and, optionally, B. amy.