Methods and devices for secure symbiotic mining
Methods and devices to enable the splitting of storage and validation functions from mining function in a blockchain network. The storage and validation nodes create candidate blocks and collect block rewards from successfully mined blocks. The mining nodes provide hash power for mining the candidate blocks and received resources from the storage and validation node for successful mining of a candidate block. Atomic exchange mechanisms are described for preventing loss and fraud and minimizing the use of bandwidth by mining nodes.
1. A computer-implemented method of mining in a blockchain network, the blockchain network including a non-mining node and a plurality of mining nodes, the method comprising:
generating, by the non-mining node, a candidate block containing a plurality of transactions including a source transaction that includes a first output associated with the non-mining node and a miner transaction that includes the first output of the source transaction as an input and includes a second output associated with a first mining node;
determining a payload summary of the candidate block;
sending, to the first mining node, the payload summary, the miner transaction, and a first summary path for the miner transaction;
receiving, from the first mining node, a proof-of-work solution for the candidate block; and
propagating the candidate block on the blockchain network,
wherein the source transaction and the mining transaction are not propagated on the blockchain network and are not contained in a mempool prior to receipt of the proof-of-work solution for the candidate block.
2. The method claimed in claim 1 , wherein sending excludes sending the source transaction to the first mining node.
3. The method claimed in claim 1 , wherein sending includes sending a candidate block header for the candidate block, the candidate block header containing the payload summary.
4. The method claimed in claim 1 , wherein sending includes sending, to the first mining node, a hash of the source transaction and a second summary path for the source transaction.
5. The method claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of transactions in the candidate block further includes a generation transaction that includes a coinbase output associated with the non-mining node.
6. The method claimed in claim 1 , further including, at the first mining node, validating that the miner transaction is included in the candidate block based on the payload summary and the first summary path.
7. The method claimed in claim 6 , wherein sending includes sending, to the first mining node, a hash of the source transaction and a second summary path for the source transaction, and wherein validating includes validating that the source transaction is included in the candidate block based on the payload and the second summary path.
8. The method claimed in claim 1 , wherein the payload summary includes a Merkle root, the first summary path includes a first Merkle path, and the first Merkle path includes a minimum set of hashes for reconstructing the Merkle root from the miner transaction.
9. The method claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
generating, by the non-mining node, a second candidate block containing a second plurality of transactions including the source transaction and a second miner transaction that includes the first output of the source transaction as an input and includes a further output associated with a second mining node different from the first mining node.
10. A computer-implemented method of mining in a blockchain network, the blockchain network including a non-mining node and a mining node, the method comprising:
receiving, at the mining node from the non-mining node, a candidate block header for a candidate block, a payload summary for the candidate block, a miner transaction, and a first summary path for the miner transaction;
validating that the miner transaction is included in the candidate block based on the payload summary and the first summary path;
repeatedly mining the candidate block header with successive nonce values inserted in the candidate block header until a proof-of-work is found; and
sending, to the non-mining node, at least the nonce value corresponding to the proof-of-work.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10 , wherein receiving further includes receiving a hash of a source transaction and a second summary path for the source transaction, and the method further comprises validating that the source transaction is included in the candidate block based on the hash of the source transaction and the second summary path.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10 , wherein the payload summary includes a Merkle root, the first summary path includes a first Merkle path, and the first Merkle path includes a minimum set of hashes for reconstructing the Merkle root from the miner transaction.
13. A computing device to implement a storage and validation node within a blockchain network, the blockchain network including a plurality of mining nodes, the computing device including:
one or more processors;
memory storing blockchain data; and
computer-executable instructions stored in the memory that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
generate a candidate block containing a plurality of transactions including a source transaction that includes a first output associated with the storage and validation node and a miner transaction that includes the first output of the source transaction as an input and includes a second output associated with a first mining node;
determine a payload summary of the candidate block;
send, to the first mining node, the payload summary, the miner transaction, and a first summary path for the miner transaction;
receive, from the first mining node, a proof-of-work solution for the candidate block; and
propagate the candidate block on the blockchain network,
wherein the source transaction and the mining transaction are not propagated on the blockchain network and are not contained in a mempool prior to receipt of the proof-of-work solution for the candidate block.
14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions for implementing a storage and validation node within a blockchain network, the blockchain network including a plurality of mining nodes, the processor-executable instructions including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
generate a candidate block containing a plurality of transactions including a source transaction that includes a first output associated with the storage and validation node and a miner transaction that includes the first output of the source transaction as an input and includes a second output associated with a first mining node;
determine a payload summary of the candidate block;
send, to the first mining node, the payload summary, the miner transaction, and a first summary path for the miner transaction;
receive, from the first mining node, a proof-of-work solution for the candidate block; and
propagate the candidate block on the blockchain network,
wherein the source transaction and the mining transaction are not propagated on the blockchain network and are not contained in a mempool prior to receipt of the proof-of-work solution for the candidate block.
15. The computing device of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed, are to cause the one or more processors to send the payload summary while excluding sending the source transaction to the first mining node.
16. The computing device of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed, are to cause the one or more processors to send by sending a candidate block header for the candidate block, the candidate block header containing the payload summary.
17. The computing device of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed, are to cause the one or more processors to validate that the miner transaction is included in the candidate block based on the payload summary and the first summary path.
18. The computing device of claim 17 , wherein the instructions, when executed, are to cause the one or more processors to send by sending, to the first mining node, a hash of the source transaction and a second summary path for the source transaction, and to validate by validating that the source transaction is included in the candidate block based on the payload and the second summary path.
19. The computing device of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed, are to cause the one or more processors to generate, by a non-mining node of the blockchain network, a second candidate block containing a second plurality of transactions including the source transaction and a second miner transaction that includes the first output of the source transaction as an input and includes a further output associated with a second mining node different from the first mining node.