Nanofiber filtered films and soluble substrate processing
An apparatus and method for transferring nanofiber structures (e.g., nanofiber films, nanofiber sheets, stacks of nanofiber grids, nanofiber films, nanofiber sheets, and combinations thereof) between various substrates are described. The techniques described use a soluble layer on a substrate that is subsequently dissolved, thus freeing the nanofiber structure from the substrate. This liquid phase techniques preserves the mechanical integrity and the purity of the nanofiber structures.
1. A method comprising:
preparing a nanofiber structure on a substrate assembly, the substrate assembly including a substrate layer and a soluble layer;
dissolving the soluble layer with a solvent;
in response to the dissolving, floating the nanofiber structure on a surface of the solvent; and
causing detachment of the nanofiber structure from the substrate layer as the nanofiber structure is submerged into the solvent.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the floating nanofiber structure from the surface of the solvent.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soluble layer is sodium chloride and the solvent is water.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soluble layer is a polymer and the solvent is an organic solvent.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cutting the nanofiber structure with an infrared laser before the dissolving.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate layer comprises one or more of glass, silica, silicon, polymer, and steel.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the soluble layer is between 10 μm and 200 μm.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the removing includes using a final substrate to remove the floating nanofiber structure from the surface of the solvent.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanofiber structure comprises at least two carbon nanofiber layers.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein each of the carbon nanofiber layers comprise at least one of a carbon nanofiber sheet, a carbon nanofiber filtered film, and a carbon nanofiber grid.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising floating the nanofiber structure on the solvent surface following complete detachment from the substrate layer.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the removing includes using a frame to lift the floating nanofiber structure from the surface of the solvent.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the frame is a wire frame comprising an open center portion.
14. An apparatus, comprising:
a transparent conductive film comprising:
a nanofiber structure on a substrate assembly, the substrate assembly including a substrate layer and a soluble layer;
wherein the nanofiber structure is configured to float on a surface of a solvent and wherein the soluble layer is configured to be dissolved from the substrate layer by floating the nanofiber structure on the surface of the solvent.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein an electrical resistance of the transparent conductive film is less than 1 Ω/sq.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the transparent conductive film is transparent to greater than 99% of visible light.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the soluble layer comprises at least one of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium bromide, starch, polystyrene, and toluene.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the transparent conductive film is configured to be cut using at least one of a laser beam and an electric discharge device without causing damage to the soluble layer.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the nanofiber structure comprises at least two carbon nanofiber layers.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein each of the carbon nanofiber layers comprise at least one of a carbon nanofiber sheet, a carbon nanofiber filtered film, and a carbon nanofiber grid.