Current control for LED pixel arrays
A light-emitting diode (LED) array includes an array of pixel assemblies and a pulse width modulator. The pulse width modulator generates pulse width modulation (PWM) signals for controlling a duty cycle of each of the pixels. The pixel assemblies each include an LED, a switching circuit, and a close loop circuit. The switching circuit receives a PWM signal and alternately turns on and off the LED based on the PWM signal. The close loop circuit regulates an LED current provided by the switching circuit to the LED based on a feedback signal received from the switching circuit.
1. A micro-light-emitting diode (LED) array comprising:
a pulse width modulator configured to generate a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) signals;
a first power supply line;
a second power supply line; and
a plurality of pixel assemblies, each pixel assembly comprising:
an LED coupled to the first power supply line;
a switching circuit configured to receive a respective, different PWM signal of the plurality of PWM signals and alternately turn on and off the LED according to the received PWM signal; and
a close loop circuit coupled to the second power supply line and configured to regulate an input current provided by the switching circuit to the LED based on a feedback signal.
2. The LED array of claim 1 , wherein the close loop circuit is configured to receive a feedback signal from the switching circuit and adjust a voltage applied to the switching circuit based on the feedback signal, wherein the input current to the LED is based on the voltage applied to the switching circuit.
3. The LED array of claim 1 , wherein the close loop circuit comprises an operational amplifier (op-amp) having a first input, a second input, and an output, the first input coupled to a reference current transistor, the second input coupled to the switching circuit to receive the feedback signal, and the output coupled to an input of the switching circuit.
4. The LED array of claim 3 , wherein the close loop circuit further comprises a first resistor coupled to the first input, the first resistor having a first resistance, and a second resistor coupled to the second input, the second resistor having a second resistance.
5. The LED array of claim 4 , wherein a current provided to the LED by the switching circuit is equal to a reference current from the reference current transistor times a ratio of the first resistance and second resistance.
6. The LED array of claim 4 , wherein the reference current transistor is a p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistor having a source coupled to an input voltage, a gate coupled to a current control signal, and a drain coupled to the first input of the op-amp.
7. The LED array of claim 4 , wherein the switching circuit comprises a switching circuit transistor having a gate voltage set by the output of the op-amp, wherein the switching circuit transistor and the reference current transistor are electrically coupled only through the op-amp and ground.
8. The LED array of claim 7 , wherein the switching circuit transistor is a n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor that further comprises a source coupled to the second resistor and a drain coupled to the LED.
9. A light-emitting diode (LED) pixel assembly comprising:
an LED configured to receive power from a first supply line;
a switching circuit coupled to the LED, the switching circuit configured to receive a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and, based on the PWM signal, alternately switch on and off an input current to the LED; and
a close loop circuit configured to receive power from a second, different supply line and configured to regulate the input current to the LED based on a current control signal and feedback from the switching circuit.
10. The LED pixel assembly of claim 9 , wherein the close loop circuit comprises an operational amplifier (op-amp) having a first input, a second input, and an output, the first input coupled to a reference current transistor, the second input coupled to the switching circuit to receive the feedback from the switching circuit, and the output coupled to an input to the switching circuit.
11. The LED pixel assembly of claim 10 , wherein the reference current transistor receives the current control signal and outputs a reference current based on the current control signal.
12. The LED pixel assembly of claim 11 , wherein the close loop circuit further comprises a first resistor coupled to the first input, the first resistor having a first resistance, and a second resistor coupled to the second input, the second resistor having a second resistance.
13. The LED pixel assembly of claim 12 , wherein the input current to the LED is equal to the reference current times a ratio of the first resistance and second resistance.
14. The LED pixel assembly of claim 11 , wherein the reference current transistor is a p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistor having a source coupled to an input voltage, a gate coupled to the current control signal, and a drain coupled to the first input of the op-amp.
15. The LED pixel assembly of claim 12 , wherein the switching circuit comprises a switching circuit transistor having a gate voltage set by the output of the op-amp.
16. The LED pixel assembly of claim 15 , wherein the switching circuit transistor is a n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor that further comprises a source coupled to the second resistor and a drain coupled to the LED.
17. A control circuit for a light emitting diode (LED) pixel comprising:
a close loop circuit configured to receive a current control signal and output an LED current regulating signal based on the current control signal, the close loop circuit comprises an operational amplifier (op-amp) having a first input, a second input, and an output, the first input coupled to a reference current transistor; and
a switching circuit configured to output an LED current according to a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, the LED current having an amplitude regulated by the LED current regulating signal received from the close loop circuit, the switching circuit further configured to provide feedback to the close loop circuit for regulating the LED current, the second input coupled to the switching circuit to receive the feedback signal, and the output coupled to an input of the switching circuit, the switching circuit comprises a switching circuit transistor having a gate voltage set by the output of the op-amp, the switching circuit transistor and the reference current transistor are electrically coupled only through the op-amp and ground.
18. The control circuit of claim 17 , wherein the reference current transistor receives the current control signal and outputs a reference current based on the current control signal.
19. The control circuit of claim 18 , wherein the close loop circuit further comprises a first resistor coupled to the first input, the first resistor having a first resistance, and a second resistor coupled to the second input, the second resistor having a second resistance, wherein the LED current is equal to the reference current times a ratio of the first resistance and second resistance.