Pulse generation and stimulation engine systems

1. A neuromodulation device configured to perform in multiple electrical modulation modes with a single architecture, comprising:

a power source;

a control unit;

a bipolar current generator configured to be connected to at least one working electrode;

stimulation circuitry comprising at least one blocking capacitor configured to block direct current, at least one indifferent electrode switch configured to be in electrical communication with at least one indifferent electrode, and at least one blocking capacitor switch in electrical communication to bypass at least one blocking capacitor;

wherein the device comprises a first stimulation mode in which the current generator is configured to deliver alternating current to the at least one working electrode, and a second stimulation mode in which the current generator is configured to deliver direct current to the at least one working electrode, both return electrodes absorbed through the indifferent electrode,

wherein in the first stimulation mode the control unit configures another current generator to route though a second working electrode and causes the at least one indifferent electrode switch to disable the electrical communication between the current generator and the at least one indifferent electrode, and at least one blocking capacitor is active to block direct current, and

wherein in the second stimulation mode the two current generators are configured such that an offset current is configured to pass through the indifferent electrode switch toward the indifferent electrode, and the control unit causes the at least two blocking capacitor switches to disable the electrical communication between the current generator at the at least one blocking capacitor, thereby bypassing the at least two blocking capacitors.

2. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the direct current comprises ultra low frequency current.

3. The neuromodulation device of claim 2 , wherein the ultra low frequency currents are less than about 5 Hz.

4. The neuromodulation device of claim 2 , wherein the ultra low frequency currents are less than about 2 Hz.

5. The neuromodulation device of claim 2 , wherein the ultra low frequency currents are less than about 1 Hz.

6. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the alternating current is high frequency alternating current.

7. The neuromodulation device of claim 6 , wherein the high frequency alternating current is at least about 1 kHz.

8. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the alternating current is between about 5 Hz and about 1 kHz.

9. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the power source comprises a battery.

10. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the control unit comprises a first control unit and a second control unit configured to run independent algorithms.

11. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to measure the offset current when the device is in the second stimulation mode.

12. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to measure cyclic Vpp of the at least one working electrode.

13. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , further comprising a virtual ground configured to be operably connected to the indifferent electrode where the virtual ground can be set to any level to minimize power dissipation.

14. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises one or more of the following mitigation mechanisms selected from the group consisting of:

(a). control system configured to measure bias currents from an indifferent electrode, and halt or change operation if the bias currents deviate outside of preset parameters;

(b). control system configured to measure electrode voltage between any of a pair of working electrodes; working and reference electrodes; and working and indifferent electrodes;

(c) control system configured to resolve electrode monitoring with respect to waveform transitions; and

(d) control system configured to receive data regarding entire or components of electrode voltage subject to a statistical analysis based on electrode characteristics.

15. The neuromodulation device of claim 14 , comprising all of said mitigation mechanisms.

16. A method of delivering electrical neuromodulation to electrically excitable tissue of a patient utilizing a therapeutic neuromodulation device, comprising:

delivering alternating current to at least one working electrode in electrical communication with the electrically excitable tissue, wherein delivering alternating current comprises blocking direct current utilizing at least one blocking capacitor of the therapeutic neuromodulation device; and preventing electrical communication between the therapeutic neuromodulation device and at least one indifferent electrode;

discontinuing delivering alternating current;

delivering direct current to the at least one working electrode and an offset current to the at least one indifferent electrode, wherein when delivering direct current comprises bypassing the at least one blocking capacitors of the therapeutic neuromodulation device; and

discontinuing delivering direct current to the at least one working electrode, and resuming delivering alternating current to the at least one working electrode, wherein resuming delivering alternating current comprises blocking direct current utilizing the at least one blocking capacitor of the therapeutic neuromodulation device; and preventing electrical communication between the therapeutic neuromodulation device and at least one indifferent electrode.

17. A method of delivering electrical neuromodulation to electrically excitable tissue of a patient utilizing a therapeutic neuromodulation device, comprising:

delivering direct current to at least one working electrode and an offset current to at least one indifferent electrode, wherein when delivering direct current comprises bypassing at least one blocking capacitor of the therapeutic neuromodulation device;

discontinuing delivering the direct current to the at least one working electrode and the offset current to the at least one indifferent electrode; and

delivering alternating current to the at least one working electrode in electrical communication with the electrically excitable tissue;

wherein delivering alternating current comprises blocking direct current utilizing at least one blocking capacitor of the therapeutic neuromodulation device; and preventing electrical communication between the therapeutic neuromodulation device and at least one indifferent electrode.

18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

discontinuing delivering the alternating current; and

resuming delivering direct current to the at least one working electrode and the offset current to the at least one indifferent electrode,

wherein when resuming delivering direct current comprises bypassing the at least one blocking capacitors of the therapeutic neuromodulation device.

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the alternating current is high frequency alternating current.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the high frequency alternating current is at least about 1 kHz.

21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the alternating current is between about 10 Hz and about 1 kHz.