Uninterruptible power supply using vacuum circuit breaker
An uninterruptible power supply includes a plurality of vacuum circuit breakers and a bypass circuit connected in series between a commercial AC power supply and a load, a control device that turns on both of the plurality of vacuum circuit breakers and the bypass circuit when the commercial AC power supply is normal and turns off a vacuum circuit breaker different from a vacuum circuit breaker turned off on the occurrence of previous power failure of the plurality of vacuum circuit breakers and turns off the bypass circuit when the commercial AC power supply fails, and a power converter that converts DC power of a battery into AC power and supplies AC power to the load when the commercial AC power supply fails.
1. A power supply apparatus comprising:
an input terminal that receives AC power supplied from an AC power supply;
an output terminal connected to a load;
a plurality of mechanical switches and a bypass circuit connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal;
a control device that (i) turns on both of the plurality of mechanical switches and the bypass circuit when the AC power supply is normal, and (ii) turns off a mechanical switch different from a mechanical switch turned off on occurrence of previous power failure of the plurality of mechanical switches and turns off the bypass circuit when the AC power supply fails; and
a power converter that converts DC power supplied from a DC power supply into AC power and provides the AC power to the output terminal when the AC power supply fails.
2. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the mechanical switches are each a vacuum circuit breaker.
3. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein
the vacuum circuit breaker includes
a pair of electrodes,
a spring,
a driver that has energy stored in the spring, and
an operation mechanism portion that (i) moves the pair of electrodes away from each other when the vacuum circuit breaker is turned off, and (ii) brings the pair of electrodes into contact with each other by using release force of the spring when the vacuum circuit breaker is turned on.
4. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the bypass circuit includes a semiconductor switch and a snubber circuit connected in parallel to each other.
5. The power supply apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein
the semiconductor switch includes first and second terminals, first and second transistors, and first and second diodes,
the first and second transistors have first electrodes connected to each other,
the first and second transistors have second electrodes connected to the first and second terminals, respectively,
the first and second diodes are connected in anti-parallel to the first and second transistors, respectively, and
the snubber circuit is connected between the first and second terminals.
6. The power supply apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein
the snubber circuit includes a resistive element and a capacitor connected in series.
7. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the control device includes
a voltage detector that detects an AC voltage of the input terminal,
a failure detector that provides a failure detection signal when the AC voltage detected by the voltage detector is not within a normal range,
a recovery detector that provides a recovery detection signal when a predetermined time period has elapsed since output of the failure detection signal from the failure detector in response to the AC voltage detected by the voltage detector being within the normal range, and
a controller that (i) turns off the mechanical switch different from the mechanical switch turned off on the occurrence of the previous power failure of the plurality of mechanical switches and turns off the bypass circuit in response to the failure detection signal, and (ii) turns on both of the plurality of mechanical switches and the bypass circuit in response to the recovery detection signal, and
the predetermined time period is longer than a time period for disconnection of the mechanical switch.
8. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the DC power supply includes a power storage device in which DC power is stored, and
the power converter (i) converts AC power supplied from the AC power supply through the plurality of mechanical switches and the bypass circuit into DC power and has the DC power stored in the power storage device when the AC power supply is normal, and (ii) converts DC power in the power storage device into AC power and provides the AC power to the output terminal when the AC power supply fails.