Binder compositions and composite
Binder compositions and processes for making and using same. In some embodiments, the binder composition can include a urea-based compound, a bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and an aldehyde-based resin. In some embodiments, a resinated substrate can include a plurality of substrates and the binder composition. In some embodiments, a process for making a composite product can include contacting a plurality of substrates with the binder composition. The process can also include heating the resinated substrate to at least partially cure the aldehyde-based resin to produce the composite product. In some embodiments, a composite product can include the plurality of substrates and the aldehyde-based resin at least partially cured. In some embodiments, the plurality of substrates can include lignocellulosic substrates. In other embodiments, the plurality of substrates can include glass fibers.
1 . A binder composition, comprising:
a urea-based compound, a bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt; and an aldehyde-based resin, wherein the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt are mixed with one another to produce an aldehyde scavenger that is mixed with the aldehyde-based resin to produce the binder composition, and wherein the aldehyde scavenger has a molar ratio of the urea-based compound to the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt of about 1.2:1 to about 2.8:1.
2 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the urea-based compound comprises urea, methylurea, 1,3-dimethyl urea, 1,1-dimethyl urea, 1,1,3-trimethylurea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, methylolurea, dimethylolurea, trimethylolurea, tetramethylolurea, or a mixture thereof.
3 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium bromide, diethyl (2-hydroxyethyl) methylammonium bromide, 2-diethylamino ethanol hydrogen bromide, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium bromide, and a mixture thereof.
4 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the urea-based compound comprises urea, and wherein the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt comprises 2 -hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride.
5 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde-based resin comprises a urea-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-urea-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin, or a mixture thereof.
6 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde-based resin comprises a urea-formaldehyde resin, and wherein the binder composition has a total formaldehyde to total urea molar ratio of about 1.2:1 to about 0.5:1.
7 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder composition further comprises a liquid medium, and wherein the liquid medium comprises water, methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyleneglycol, or a mixture thereof.
8 . The binder composition of claim 7 , wherein:
the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt are mixed with one another to produce an aldehyde scavenger that is mixed with the aldehyde-based resin to produce the binder composition,
a molar ratio of the urea-based compound to the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt in the aldehyde scavenger is about 1.2:1 to about 2.8:1, and
the aldehyde scavenger contains up to about 40 wt % of the liquid medium, based on a combined weight of the urea-based compound, the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and the liquid medium.
9 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder composition comprises about 0.5 wt % to about 50 wt % of the urea-based compound, about 0.5 wt % to about 70 wt % of the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and about 30 wt % to about 95 wt % of the aldehyde-based resin, wherein all weight percent values are based on the combined solids weight of the urea-based compound, the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and the aldehyde-based resin.
10 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the urea-based compound comprises urea,
the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt comprises 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, and
the aldehyde-based resin comprises a urea-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-urea-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin, or a mixture thereof.
11 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt are mixed with one another to produce an aldehyde scavenger that is mixed with the aldehyde-based resin to produce the binder composition,
a molar ratio of the urea-based compound to the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt in the aldehyde scavenger is about 1.2:1 to about 2.8:1, and
the binder composition comprises about 0.5 wt % to about 95 wt % of the aldehyde scavenger and about 99.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the aldehyde-based resin, based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde scavenger and the aldehyde-based resin.
12 . The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder composition has a storage stability of at least 5 days at a temperature of about 25° C.
13 . The binder composition of claim 12 , wherein the urea-based compound comprises urea, methylurea, 1,3-dimethyl urea, 1,1-dimethyl urea, 1,1,3-trimethylurea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, methylolurea, dimethylolurea, trimethylolurea, tetramethylolurea, or a mixture thereof;
wherein the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium bromide, diethyl (2-hydroxyethyl) methylammonium bromide, 2-diethylamino ethanol hydrogen bromide, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium bromide, and a mixture thereof; and
wherein the aldehyde-based resin comprises a urea-formaldehyde resin, a phenol- formaldehyde resin, a phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol- formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-urea-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin, or a mixture thereof.
14 . A resinated substrate, comprising:
a plurality of substrates; and
a binder composition comprising a urea-based compound, a bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and an aldehyde-based resin, wherein the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt are mixed with one another to produce an aldehyde scavenger that is mixed with the aldehyde-based resin to produce the binder composition, and wherein the aldehyde scavenger has a molar ratio of the urea-based compound to the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt of about 1.2:1 to about 2.8:1.
15 . The resinated substrate of claim 14 , wherein the resinated substrate comprises, on a solids basis, about 0.05 wt % to about 60 wt % of a combined amount of the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and about 1.5 wt % to about 60 wt % of the aldehyde-based resin, based on a dry weight of the substrates.
16 . The resinated substrate of claim 14 , wherein the substrates comprise lignocellulosic particles, and wherein the resinated substrate comprises, on a solids basis, about 0.15 wt % to about 6 wt % of a combined amount of the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt and about 4 wt % to about 15 wt % of the aldehyde-based resin, based on a dry weight of the substrates.
17 . The reinstated substrate of claim 14 , wherein the resinated substrate comprises about 5 wt % to about 24 wt % of water, based on a combined weight of the plurality of substrates, the binder composition, and any water added during preparation of the resinated substrate, and wherein an amount of water attributable to the plurality of substrates is at least 5 wt % of the water, based on the combined weight of the plurality of substrates, the binder composition, and any water added during preparation of the resinated substrate.
18 . A composite product, comprising:
a plurality of substrates; and
an at least partially cured binder composition, wherein, prior to curing, the binder composition comprises a urea-based compound, a bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and an aldehyde-based resin, wherein the urea-based compound and the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt are mixed with one another to produce an aldehyde scavenger that is mixed with the aldehyde-based resin to produce the binder composition, and wherein the aldehyde scavenger has a molar ratio of the urea-based compound to the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt of about 1.2:1 to about 2.8:1.
19 . The composite product of claim 18 , wherein the composite product comprises about 0.003 wt % to about 10.8 wt % of the bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, based on a dried weight of the composite product.