Spinal rod-to-rod connectors

1. A polyaxial rod connector, the polyaxial rod connector comprising a connector body, the connector body having an external surface, the connector body being intersected by an imaginary first reference plane and an imaginary second reference plane perpendicular to the imaginary first reference plane,

a. a first body portion being on a first side of the imaginary first reference plane, the first body portion defining openings to a first spinal rod passage defining a first spinal rod passage axis and a first internally threaded set screw opening defining a first set screw axis, the first internally threaded set screw opening positioned on the first body portion to intersect the first spinal rod passage;

b. a second body portion adjoined to the first body portion on a second side of the imaginary first reference plane, the second body portion defining openings to a second spinal rod passage defining a plurality of second spinal rod passage axes, and a second internally threaded set screw opening defining a second set screw axis, the second internally threaded set screw opening positioned on the second body portion to intersect the second spinal rod passage;

c. wherein the first spinal rod passage axis is non-parallel with at least one of the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes in the imaginary second reference plane; and

d. wherein one of the first spinal rod passage and the second spinal rod passage comprises a generally hourglass shaped cross section parallel to the imaginary second reference plane.

2. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 1 , wherein the first spinal rod passage axis and the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes are co-planar.

3. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 1 , wherein the first set screw axis and the second set screw axis are parallel and co-planar.

4. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 1 , the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes sweeps an angle of between about 1 degree and about 40 degrees.

5. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 1 , comprising a spinal rod cradle rest having a cradle base being disposed in movable contact with an internal surface of the second spinal rod passage, the spinal rod cradle rest comprising a central cradle axis oriented perpendicular to the cradle base and co-axial with the second set screw axis.

6. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 1 , wherein the connector body is unitary and bisected by the imaginary first reference plane.

7. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 1 , wherein the connector body is unitary and bisected by the imaginary second reference plane.

8. A polyaxial rod connector, the polyaxial rod connector comprising a connector body, the connector body having an external surface, the connector body being intersected by an imaginary first reference plane and an imaginary second reference plane perpendicular to the imaginary first reference plane,

a. a first body portion being on a first side of the imaginary first reference plane, the first body portion defining openings to a first spinal rod passage defining a plurality of first spinal rod passage axes and a first internally threaded set screw opening defining a first set screw axis perpendicular to each of the plurality of first spinal rod passage axes, the first internally threaded set screw opening configured to intersect the first spinal rod passage;

b. a second body portion adjoined to the first body portion on a second side of the imaginary first reference plane, the second body portion defining openings to a second spinal rod passage defining a plurality of second spinal rod passage axes, and a second internally threaded set screw opening defining a second set screw axis perpendicular to each of the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes, the second internally threaded set screw opening configured to intersect the second spinal rod passage;

c. wherein one of the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes is non-parallel to the imaginary first reference plane; and

d. wherein the second spinal rod passage comprises a generally hourglass shaped cross section parallel to the imaginary second reference plane.

9. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 8 , further comprising the first spinal rod passage comprises a generally hourglass shaped cross section parallel to the imaginary first reference plane.

10. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 8 , wherein the first set screw axis is perpendicular to the second set screw axis.

11. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 8 , further comprising the first spinal rod passage comprises a generally hourglass shaped cross section parallel to the imaginary second reference plane.

12. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 8 , wherein the first set screw axis is parallel to the second set screw axis.

13. The polyaxial spinal rod connector of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of first spinal rod passage axes is parallel to the imaginary first reference plane.

14. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes are is parallel to the imaginary second reference plane.

15. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 8 , comprising a first spinal rod cradle rest having a cradle base being disposed in movable contact with an internal surface of the first spinal rod passage, the first spinal rod cradle rest comprising a central cradle axis oriented perpendicular to the cradle base and co-axial with the first set screw axis.

16. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 15 , further comprising a second spinal rod cradle rest having a cradle base being disposed in movable contact with an internal surface of the second spinal rod passage, the second spinal rod cradle rest comprising a central cradle axis oriented perpendicular to the cradle base and co-axial with the second set screw axis.

17. A polyaxial rod connector, the polyaxial rod connector comprising a connector body, the connector body having an external surface, the connector body being intersected by an imaginary first reference plane,

a. a first body portion being on a first side of the imaginary first reference plane, the first body portion defining openings to a first spinal rod passage defining a plurality of first spinal rod passage axes and a first internally threaded set screw opening defining a first set screw axis and intersecting the first spinal rod passage;

b. a second body portion adjoined to the first body portion on a second side of the imaginary first reference plane, the second body portion defining openings to a second spinal rod passage defining a plurality of second spinal rod passage axes, and a second internally threaded set screw opening defining a second set screw axis and intersecting the second spinal rod passage;

c. wherein one of the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes is non-parallel to the imaginary first reference plane; and

d. wherein the second spinal rod passage comprises a generally hourglass shaped cross section perpendicular to the second set screw axis.

18. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 17 , wherein the first set screw axis and the second set screw axis are co-planar and non-parallel, sweeping an angle of between 1 degree and 179 degrees.

19. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 17 , wherein neither of the plurality of first spinal rod passage axes and the plurality of second spinal rod passage axes is co-planar with the imaginary first reference plane.

20. The polyaxial rod connector of claim 17 , wherein the connector body is unitary and bisected by the imaginary first reference plane.