Surface-Acoustic-Wave (SAW) Filter for Suppressing Intermodulation Distortion
An apparatus is disclosed for a surface-acoustic-wave filter that suppresses intermodulation distortion. In an example aspect, the apparatus includes a surface-acoustic-wave filter including an electrode structure and at least one layer of quartz material with a thickness having a range approximately from 100 to 300 micrometers. The apparatus also includes at least one layer of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) material disposed between the electrode structure and the quartz material. A thickness of the lithium niobate material has a range approximately from 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
a surface-acoustic-wave filter comprising:
an electrode structure;
at least one layer of quartz material with a thickness having a range approximately from 100 to 300 micrometers; and
at least one layer of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) material disposed between the electrode structure and the quartz material, a thickness of the lithium niobate material having a range approximately from 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the thickness of the quartz material is approximately 150 micrometers; and
the thickness of the lithium niobate material is approximately 0.28 micrometers.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the lithium niobate material is configured to enable an acoustic wave to form across a planar surface of the lithium niobate material in a direction along a first filter (X) axis;
a second filter (Y) axis is along the planar surface and perpendicular to the first filter (X) axis;
a third filter (Z) axis is normal to the planar surface;
an orientation of the first filter (X) axis, the second filter (Y) axis, and the third filter (Z) axis is relative to a crystalline structure of the lithium niobate material as defined by Euler angles lambda (λ), mu (μ), and theta (θ); and
a value of the Euler angle mu (μ) has a range approximately from −36° to 28° or at least one symmetrical equivalent thereof.
4 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the value of the Euler angle mu (μ) is approximately equal to 28°.
5 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:
a value of the Euler angle lambda (λ) has a range approximately from −10° to 10°; and
a value of the Euler angle theta (θ) has a range approximately from −10° to 10°.
6 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:
the value of the Euler angle lambda (λ) is approximately equal to 0°; and
the value of the Euler angle theta (θ) is approximately equal to 0°.
7 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:
an orientation of the first filter (X) axis, the second filter (Y) axis, and the third filter (Z) axis relative to a crystalline structure of the quartz material is defined by other Euler angles lambda (λ), mu (μ), and theta (θ); and
a value of the other Euler angle mu (μ) relative to the crystalline structure of the quartz material has a range approximately from −58° to −45°.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the value of the other Euler angle mu (μ) is approximately −56°.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the surface-acoustic-wave filter is configured to have a temperature coefficient of frequency approximately equal to zero based on the thickness of the quartz material and the thickness of the lithium niobate material.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the surface-acoustic-wave filter comprises a compensation layer; and
the electrode structure is disposed between the compensation layer and the at least one layer of lithium niobate material.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the compensation layer comprises silicon dioxide material.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a wireless transceiver coupled to at least one antenna, the wireless transceiver comprising the surface-acoustic-wave filter and configured to filter, using the surface-acoustic-wave filter, a wireless signal communicated via the at least one antenna.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the surface-acoustic-wave filter comprises multiple cascaded resonators; and
one resonator of the multiple cascaded resonators comprises the electrode structure, the at least one layer of quartz material, and the at least one layer of lithium niobate material.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the surface-acoustic-wave filter comprises a high-quality temperature-compensated surface-acoustic-wave filter.
15 . An apparatus comprising:
a surface-acoustic-wave filter configured to generate a filtered signal from a radio-frequency signal, the surface-acoustic-wave filter comprising:
means for converting the radio-frequency signal to an acoustic wave and converting a propagated acoustic wave into the filtered signal;
softening means for propagating the acoustic wave across a planar surface to produce the propagated acoustic wave; and
hardening means for supporting the softening means, the softening means and the hardening means having respective thicknesses that enable the surface-acoustic-wave filter to behave substantially linearly.
16 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the softening means is configured to have a stress-strain curve with a slope that behaves non-linearly and decreases for increasing strain; and
the hardening means is configured to have a stress-strain curve with a slope that behaves non-linearly and increases for increasing strain.
17 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein a thickness of the softening means is less than a thickness of the hardening means.
18 . The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein:
the thickness of the hardening means has a range approximately from 100 to 300 micrometers; and
the thickness of the softening means has a range approximately from 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers.
19 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the surface-acoustic-wave filter is configured to have a temperature coefficient of frequency approximately equal to zero based on the respective thicknesses of the softening means and the hardening means.
20 . A method comprising:
providing at least one layer of quartz material with a thickness having a range approximately from 100 to 300 micrometers;
providing at least one layer of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) material on a surface of the quartz material, a thickness of the lithium niobate material having a range approximately from 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers; and
providing an electrode structure on a surface of the lithium niobate material.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein:
the providing of the at least one layer of quartz material comprises providing the at least one layer of quartz material with the thickness being approximately 150 micrometers; and
the providing of the at least one layer of lithium niobate material comprises providing the at least one layer of lithium niobate material with the thickness being approximately 0.28 micrometers.
22 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
providing a compensation layer on the surface of the lithium niobate material,
wherein the electrode structure is disposed between the compensation layer and the lithium niobate material.
23 . An apparatus comprising:
a surface-acoustic-wave filter comprising:
an electrode structure;
at least one hardening-spring layer; and
at least one softening-spring layer disposed between the electrode structure and the hardening-spring layer.
24 . The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein:
the at least one softening-spring layer is configured to have a stress-strain curve with a slope that behaves non-linearly and decreases for increasing strain; and
the at least one hardening-spring layer is configured to have a stress-strain curve with a slope that behaves non-linearly and increases for increasing strain.
25 . The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein a thickness of the softening-spring layer is less than a thickness of the hardening-spring layer.
26 . The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein:
the softening-spring layer comprises lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) material; and
the hardening-spring layer comprises quartz material.
27 . The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein:
a thickness of the quartz material has a range approximately from 100 to 300 micrometers; and
a thickness of the lithium niobate material has a range approximately from 0.2 to micrometers.
28 . The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein a thickness of the softening-spring layer is greater than a thickness of the hardening-spring layer.
29 . The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein:
the softening-spring layer comprises lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) material; and
the hardening-spring layer comprises silicon dioxide material.
30 . The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein:
a thickness of the silicon dioxide material has a range approximately from 350 to 550 nanometers; and
a thickness of the lithium tantalate material has a range approximately from 400 to 600 nanometers.