Designs for lateral current control in optical amplifiers and lasers
An optical device is provided that includes an active waveguide having a top electrode and a plurality of layers including a gain layer. Configurations are disclosed for the active waveguide to enable amplification of a guided optical wave profile while preserving a shape of a lateral optical intensity profile of the guided optical wave as the guided optical wave is amplified along the waveguide. The top electrode and/or one or more layers of the active optical waveguide may be tailored to provide a tailored optical gain.
1 . An optical amplifier configured to receive input light via an input port to be guided therein, amplify at least a portion of said input light that is guided in the optical amplifier, and output at least a portion of said amplified light via an output port, wherein the optical amplifier comprises:
an active waveguide extending in a longitudinal direction between the input port and the output port and having a waveguide width extending in a lateral direction, wherein at least a portion of the active waveguide supports a plurality of lateral modes, and wherein the active waveguide comprises a gain layer configured to provide optical gain to light guided in said active waveguide; and
at least one electrode disposed with respect to the active waveguide to apply an electrical voltage to said active waveguide, said at least one electrode comprising a conductive layer extending in the longitudinal direction and having a width extending in the lateral direction between first and second lateral edges, said width increasing and decreasing multiple times with position along the longitudinal direction, said at least one electrode having a first end closer to said input port than said output port and a second end closer to said output port than said input port, said first end having a smaller width than said second end.
2 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein both said first and second lateral edges undulate in the lateral direction.
3 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the width of the at least one electrode increases and decreases varying between a plurality of lower bound widths and a plurality of upper bound widths, increasing with longitudinal directions from the lower bound widths and decreasing with longitudinal directions from the upper bound widths, said variations in said width of said electrode averaged over a distance in the longitudinal direction that includes multiple lower bound widths and multiple upper bound widths producing an average width that increases with longitudinal direction from the first end to the second end of said electrode along most of the length of said electrode.
4 . The optical amplifier of claim 3 , wherein the lower bound widths progressively increase from the input port to the output port.
5 . The optical amplifier of claim 3 , wherein the upper bound widths progressively increase from the input port to the output port.
6 . The optical amplifier of claim 5 , wherein the lower bound widths remain constant from the input port to the output port.
7 . The optical amplifier of claim 3 , wherein the width changes linearly between the upper bound widths and the lower bound widths.
8 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the width of the at least one electrode varies periodically in the longitudinal direction with a width variation period.
9 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode comprises a single conductive layer.
10 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode comprises a plurality of electrically isolated segments.
11 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide width progressively increases from the input port to the output port.
12 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein guided light has an optical intensity profile corresponding to that of a fundamental lateral mode of the active waveguide.
13 . A master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) device configured to generate an output optical beam, wherein the MOPA device comprising the optical amplifier of claim 1 .
14 . A semiconductor laser configured to generate an output optical beam, the semiconductor laser comprising the optical amplifier of claim 1 .
15 . The optical amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode comprises a top electrode.
16 . A master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) device configured to generate an output optical beam, the MOPA device comprising:
a semiconductor laser section configured to generate laser light, the semiconductor laser comprising:
a first reflector and a second optical reflector;
a waveguide disposed between the first and the second optical reflectors, said waveguide including at least an active region configured to provide optical gain, the first optical reflector, the second optical reflector and the waveguide forming an active laser cavity;
a semiconductor optical amplifier section disposed to receive the laser light via an input port to be guided therein, amplify at least a portion of said input light that is guided in the optical amplifier, and output at least a portion of said amplified light via an output port, the semiconductor optical amplifier comprising:
an active waveguide extending in a longitudinal direction between the input port and the output port and having a waveguide width extending in a lateral direction between first and second lateral edges, wherein at least a portion of the active waveguide supports a plurality of lateral modes, and wherein the active waveguide comprises a gain layer configured to provide optical gain to light guided in said active waveguide;
at least one electrode disposed with respect to the active waveguide to apply a voltage to said active waveguide, said at least one electrode comprising a conductive layer extending in the longitudinal direction and having a width extending in the lateral direction that that increases and decreases multiple times with position along the longitudinal direction, said at least one electrode having a first end closer to said input port than said output port and a second end closer to said output port than said input port, said first end having a smaller width than said second end.
17 . The master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) device of claim 16 wherein said at least one electrode comprises a tailored electrode disposed on the active waveguide and configured to support a matched injection current profile in the gain layer, wherein the matched injection current profile generates a matched optical gain profile corresponding to an optical intensity distribution associated with the light guided in the active waveguide.