Methods for purification of messenger RNA
The present invention provides, among other things, methods of purifying messenger RNA (mRNA) including the steps of (a) precipitating mRNA from an impure preparation; (b) subjecting the impure preparation comprising precipitated mRNA to a purification process involving membrane filtration such that the precipitated mRNA is captured by a membrane; and (c) eluting the captured precipitated mRNA from the membrane by re-solubilizing the mRNA, thereby resulting in a purified mRNA solution. In some embodiments, a purification process involving membrane filtration suitable for the present invention is tangential flow filtration.
1. A method for manufacturing messenger RNA (mRNA) comprising:
synthesizing mRNA in vitro; and
purifying the in vitro synthesized mRNA, comprising
(a) precipitating mRNA;
(b) passing precipitated mRNA across or along a membrane;
(c) eluting the precipitated mRNA from the membrane, thereby manufacturing mRNA.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purifying comprises direct flow filtration or tangential flow filtration.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating mRNA comprises treating mRNA with a denaturing agent, salt, surfactant or solvent suitable for precipitating the mRNA.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the solvent suitable for precipitating the mRNA is absolute ethanol or isopropyl alcohol.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvent is absolute ethanol.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the denaturing agent is selected from the group consisting of lithium chloride, potassium chloride, guanidinium chloride, guanidinium thiocyanate, guanidinium isothiocyanate, ammonium acetate and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the denaturing agent is guanidinium thiocyanate.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the precipitating comprises treating with 4M guanidinium thiocyanate.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is selected from the group consisting of polyethersulfone (mPES) (not modified), polyethersulfone (mPES) hollow fiber membrane, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, MCE (mixed cellulose esters), ultra-high MW polyethylene (UPE), polyfluorotetraethylene (PTFE), nylon, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyacrilonitrile, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises a step of washing the precipitated mRNA before eluting.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the washing step comprises multiple rinse cycles using a wash solution comprising a guanidinium buffer and ethanol, followed by about 70-80% ethanol.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the multiple rinse cycles are more than 5 cycles.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the eluting step comprises re-solubilizing the captured precipitated mRNA with RNAse-free water.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the RNAse-free water is re-circulated for 5-10 minutes.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises a step of dialyzing the purified mRNA solution.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the purified mRNA solution is dialyzed with 1 mM sodium citrate using a 100 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membrane.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the in vitro synthesized mRNA comprises prematurely aborted RNA sequences and/or enzyme reagents used in in vitro synthesis.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mRNA is purified at a scale of or greater than 1 gram, 5 gram, 10 gram, 100 gram, 1 kg, 10 kg, or 100 kg per batch.
19. A batch of purified mRNA manufactured according to the method of claim 1 , comprising 1 gram or more of a single mRNA species that is substantially free of prematurely aborted RNA sequences and/or enzyme reagents used in in vitro synthesis.
20. The batch of claim 19 , wherein the purified mRNA has an integrity greater than about 95%.
21. The batch of claim 19 , wherein the purified mRNA is substantially free of prematurely aborted RNA sequences.
22. The batch of claim 21 , wherein the purified mRNA has less than 1% (w/w) of prematurely aborted RNA sequences.
23. The batch of claim 21 , wherein the purified mRNA has less than 0.1% (w/w) of prematurely aborted RNA sequences.
24. The batch of claim 21 , wherein the purified mRNA has less than 500 pg of prematurely aborted RNA sequences.
25. The batch of claim 21 , wherein the purified mRNA has less than 50 pg of prematurely aborted RNA sequences.
26. The batch of claim 21 , wherein the prematurely aborted RNA sequences comprise less than 15 bases.
27. The batch of claim 19 , wherein the purified mRNA is substantially free of enzyme reagents used in in vitro synthesis.
28. The batch of claim 27 , wherein the purified mRNA has less than 1% of enzyme reagents used in in vitro synthesis.
29. The method of claim 17 , wherein the in vitro synthesized mRNA comprises prematurely aborted RNA sequences.
30. The method of claim 17 , wherein the in vitro synthesized mRNA comprises enzyme reagents used in in vitro synthesis.
31. The method of claim 8 , wherein the precipitating comprises treating with 4M guanidinium thiocyanate and 0.5% sodium lauryl sarcosyl.
32. The method of claim 8 , wherein the precipitating comprises treating with 4M guanidinium thiocyanate and 25 mM sodium citrate.
33. The method of claim 8 , wherein the precipitating comprises treating with 4M guanidinium thiocyanate, 0.5% sodium lauryl sarcosyl and 25 mM sodium citrate.