Medicine injection and disease management systems, devices, and methods

1 . A health management system comprising:

an on-body unit configured to be worn on a skin surface of a user, the on-body unit comprising:

a glucose sensor configured to be placed in contact with a bodily fluid of the user to detect glucose levels of the user; and

sensor electronics coupled to the glucose sensor and configured to wirelessly transmit glucose data of the user; and

a pen cap in wireless communication with the on-body unit and releasably coupleable to a medication delivery device, the pen cap configured to perform operations comprising:

receiving glucose data of the user from the on-body unit;

detecting one or more dosing events of the medication delivery device, wherein a dosing event is inferred from an uncapping event of the pen cap from the medication delivery device and a capping event of the pen cap to the medication delivery device;

determining timing data corresponding to the one or more dosing events;

based on the determination of timing data:

responsive to having timing data related to one or more medication doses administered over a most recent time period, enabling a recommended medication dosage to be provided; and

responsive to not having timing data related to one or more medication doses administered over the most recent time period, disabling a recommended medication dosage from being provided, absent a user override;

analyzing the glucose data in combination with the timing data, wherein the analyzing comprises identifying one or more patterns in the glucose data and the timing data; and

outputting a coaching message responsive to the analysis of the glucose data and the timing data.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further include:

receiving the user override; and

responsive to receiving the user override, providing a recommended medication dosage.

3 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a remote device configured to wirelessly communicate with the pen cap.

4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pen cap comprises a user interface comprising a plurality of user-selectable elements each representing a different meal characteristic.

5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the pen cap comprises:

at least one processor; and

at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the pen cap to perform operations comprising:

setting initial meal characteristics associated with each of the plurality of user-selectable elements based on at least one user-specific dosage parameter;

receiving glucose data of the user; and

updating the initial meal characteristics associated with at least one user-selectable element of the plurality of user-selectable elements based at least in part on the glucose data.

6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pen cap is configured to display one or more of a glucose value, a glucose trend line, or a rate-of-change of glucose.

7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the pen cap comprises a plurality of icons configured to be illuminated or made more prominent to indicate one or more alarm or alert conditions.

8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the coaching message comprises a recommendation for a behavioral intervention or an action of the user based on the analysis.

9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the coaching message comprises a recommendation to adjust a dose.

10 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the coaching message comprises a recommendation for a time to administer a dose.

11 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the coaching message comprises a recommendation to administer a dose prior to a meal.

12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the coaching message comprises a tip or education regarding health of the user.

13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the coaching message comprises a target glucose level for the user.

14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the coaching message indicates whether the user is underdosing or overdosing for a meal.

15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the coaching message is based at least in part on whether the user is adhering to a recommended dose.

16 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the coaching message is based at least in part on the one or more patterns identified by the analysis.

17 . A method of managing health, the method comprising:

receiving, by at least one processor, glucose data of a user from an on-body unit configured to be worn on a skin surface of the user, the on-body unit comprising:

a glucose sensor configured to be placed in contact with a bodily fluid of the user to detect glucose levels of the user; and

sensor electronics coupled to the glucose sensor and configured to wirelessly transmit glucose data of the user;

receiving, by the at least one processor, one or more dosing events of a medication delivery device by a pen cap releasably coupleable to the medication delivery device, the pen cap configured to detect the one or more dosing events;

determining, by the at least one processor, timing data corresponding to the one or more dosing events;

based on the determination of timing data:

responsive to having timing data related to one or more medication doses administered over a most recent time period, enabling a recommended medication dosage to be provided; and

responsive to not having timing data related to one or more medication doses administered over the most recent time period, disabling a recommended medication dosage from being provided, absent a user override;

analyzing, by the at least one processor, the glucose data in combination with the timing data, wherein the analyzing comprises identifying one or more patterns in the glucose data and the timing data; and

outputting a coaching message responsive to the analysis of the glucose data and the timing data.

18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

receiving the user override; and

responsive to receiving the user override, providing a recommended medication dosage.

19 . A health management system comprising:

an on-body unit configured to be worn on a skin surface of a user, the on-body unit comprising:

a glucose sensor configured to be placed in contact with a bodily fluid of the user to detect glucose levels of the user; and

sensor electronics coupled to the glucose sensor and configured to wirelessly transmit glucose data of the user; and

a pen cap in wireless communication with the on-body unit and releasably coupleable to a medication delivery device, the pen cap configured to perform operations comprising:

responsive to a user-facilitated interaction between the on-body unit and the pen cap, receiving glucose data of the user from the on-body unit;

detecting one or more dosing events of the medication delivery device, wherein a dosing event is inferred from an uncapping event of the pen cap from the medication delivery device and a capping event of the pen cap to the medication delivery device;

determining timing data corresponding to the one or more dosing events;

based on the determination of timing data:

responsive to having timing data related to one or more medication doses administered over a most recent time period, enabling a recommended medication dosage to be provided; and

responsive to not having timing data related to one or more medication doses administered over the most recent time period, disabling a recommended medication dosage from being provided, absent a user override;

receiving the user override;

responsive to receiving the user override, providing a recommended medication dosage;

analyzing the glucose data in combination with the timing data, wherein the analyzing comprises identifying one or more patterns in the glucose data and the timing data; and

outputting a coaching message responsive to the analysis of the glucose data and the timing data.