Methods, vacuum insulated glazing units produced thereby, and sealants
Sealants, vacuum insulated glazing (VIG) units having seals formed from the sealants, and methods for producing the VIG units using the sealants are provided. The sealants include a mixture of glass materials in powder form, a foaming agent in powder form, and a carrier medium. The foaming agent includes carbon black, carbide(s), or a combination thereof. The glass materials have compositions including: 50 to 70 wt. % SiO 2 ; 1 to 7 wt. % CaO; 0 to 7 wt. % MgO; 0 to 6 wt. % Al 2 O 3 ; 1 to 6 wt. % Fe 2 O 3 or FeO; 0 to 7 wt. % TiO 2 ; 0 to 16 wt. % R 2 O, wherein R is chosen from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, or a combination thereof; 0 to 1 wt. % SO 3 ; 0 to 2 wt. % MnO; and 0 to 6 wt. % SrO+BaO.
1 . A method comprising:
providing first glass substrate;
applying a primary sealant to the first glass substrate adjacent to and along a perimeter of the first glass substrate;
applying a secondary sealant to the first glass substrate adjacent to the primary sealant and along a perimeter of the first glass substrate, wherein the secondary sealant is surrounded by the primary sealant;
positioning a second glass substrate over the first glass substrate with the primary sealant and the secondary sealant therebetween;
heating the primary sealant for a duration and at a temperature sufficient to sinter the primary sealant to form a primary seal including a first glass material between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, wherein the primary seal has a closed pore structure; and
heating the secondary sealant for a duration and at a temperature sufficient to sinter the secondary sealant to form a secondary seal including a second glass material between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, wherein the secondary seal has an open pore structure,
wherein the primary sealant includes a first mixture of one or more glass materials in powder form, a first foaming agent in powder form, and a first carrier medium,
wherein the secondary sealant comprises a second mixture of one or more glass materials in powder form, a second foaming agent in powder form, and a carrier medium, wherein the second foaming agent comprises carbon black, one or more carbides, one or more carbonates, or a combination thereof, and wherein the one or more glass materials of the second mixture have compositions comprising:
50 to 70 wt. % SiO 2 ;
1 to 7 wt. % CaO;
0 to 7 wt. % MgO;
0 to 6 wt. % Al 2 O 3 ;
1 to 6 wt. % Fe 2 O 3 or FeO;
0 to 7 wt. % TiO 2 ;
0 to 16 wt. % R 2 O, wherein R is chosen from a group consisting of Li, Na, K, or a combination thereof;
0 to 1 wt. % SO 3 ;
0 to 2 wt. % MnO; and
0 to 6 wt. % SrO+BaO.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an intermediate space is defined between the first glass substrate, the second glass substrate, the primary seal, and an evacuation tube, wherein the evacuation tube provides fluidic access to the intermediate space from an exterior environment, the method comprising:
evacuating the intermediate space via the evacuation tube to produce a low-pressure environment within the intermediate space; and
sealing the evacuation tube to hermetically seal the intermediate space and maintain the low-pressure environment therein,
wherein the secondary seal is located within the intermediate space and configured to function therein as a getter material due to the open pore structure.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to positioning the second glass substrate over the first glass substrate:
positioning support pillars on the first glass substrate; and
positioning an evacuation tube on the first glass substrate, wherein positioning the second glass substrate over the first glass substrate disposes the support pillars and the evacuation tube between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate; and
after heating the primary sealant to form the primary seal and heating the secondary sealant to form the secondary seal:
evacuating an intermediate space defined between the first glass substrate, the second glass substrate, the primary seal, and the evacuation tube to produce a low-pressure environment in the intermediate space by drawing gas from the intermediate space through the evacuation tube; and
sealing the evacuation tube to hermetically seal the intermediate space and maintain the low-pressure environment therein.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein evacuating the intermediate space includes securing a vacuum pump to an edge of the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate and forming a vacuum-tight seal about an opening of the evacuation tube.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first glass material has a first composition and the second glass material has a second composition, wherein the first composition and the second composition are different.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the primary sealant and heating the secondary sealant includes irradiating both of the primary sealant and the secondary sealant with a pulsed laser beam in an open environment maintained at a temperature of 15 to 25° C.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more glass materials of the first mixture have compositions comprising:
0 to 55 wt. % Bi 2 O 3 ;
10 to 65 wt. % SiO 2 ;
1 to 10 wt. % Al 2 O 3 ;
10 to 30 wt. % R 2 O, wherein R is chosen from a group consisting of Li, Na, K, or a combination thereof,
0.01 to 20 wt. % of RO, wherein R is chosen from a group consisting of Ca, Mg, or a combination thereof;
2 to 15 wt. % of BaO;
0 to 5 wt. % TeO 2 ;
0.01 to 20 wt. % of Fe 2 O 3 or FeO;
2 to 30 wt. % of B 2 O 3 ;
0.1 to 2 wt. % of P 2 O 5 ;
0.1 to 2 wt. % of ZnO; and
0.1 to 2 wt. % of CuO or Cu 2 O.